Abstract
The NRAMP (natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins) is a group of transporters that, despite the name, is widespread from prokaryotes to higher plants and humans. NRAMPs apply the proton gradient as the electrochemical driving force to translocate divalent cations across cell membranes. Among the substrates are the crucial nutrients (i.e., Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+) and the toxic metals (i.e., Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+). In plants, the NRAMP family is involved in metal absorption, translocation, storage, intra- and intercellular trafficking. This chapter explores current knowledge about these transporters’ impact on plant growth and development under toxicity or/and nutrient deficiency, their roles in maintaining metal homeostasis, their activities in plant–microbe interaction, and the potential application in phytoremediation.
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