Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy in southern China and Southeast Asia with unique racial and biological features. Epigenetics alterations in NPC initiation and progression have been reported in several levels including DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNA, and long noncoding RNA. DNA methylation of the promoter region has been found in numerous genes in NPC involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, signaling pathways, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and migration and invasion. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 directs IκB kinase alpha (IKKα) transcriptional repression via H3K27 histone methylation on the IKKα promoter, while reduced IKKα expression in NPC. Many miRNAs have been found in NPC acting as oncomiRs or suppressors. Elevated levels of lnc-C22orf32-1 and lnc-ZNF674-1 associate with advanced NPC. Lnc-BCL2L11-3 is increased in recurrent NPC. Several epigenetics-regulating inhibitors are under clinical trial targeting NPC.
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