Abstract
A variety of materials have been synthesized as micro and nanoparticles with different composition, shape, size, and surface chemistry and a wide range of biomedical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, tissue engineering, diagnosis, and basic research. Polymeric based biodegradable micro and nanoparticles have been used as potential devices or platforms for the delivery of drugs and tissue engineering due to their capability for target specificity, the capacity to deliver genes, proteins, and peptides, the ability to deliver poorly soluble drugs, and their sustained release, performing as carriers for nucleic acids (in gene therapy), good biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, greater permeation and retention effect and prevention from enzymatic degradation of bioactive agents and maintenance their bioactivity. The natural polymers over the synthetic types have attracted more attention in drug delivery and tissue engineering due to their unique characteristics, e.g., biocompatibility, biodegradation, and abundance. Among the natural polymers, natural gums as hydrophilic polysaccharides are one of the most abundant raw materials derived from inexpensive, nontoxic, easily accessible, and environmentally friendly renewable sources. Tragacanth gum (TG) as an anionic polysaccharide is derived from the stems and branches of the Astragalus genus has been used in different medicinal, food, and environmental fields. TG in biomedical fields as different formulations of microgels, hydrogels, microparticles, nanoparticles, nanohydrogels, composites, nanocomposites, and nanofibers have been applied in cosmetics, wound healing, wound dressing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and bioimaging applications, among others. In the present chapter, we review the recent biomedical applications of micro- and nanoengineering TG and its water-soluble derivative in the fields of drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing as single or combination with other variety biodegradable polymers.
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