Abstract
Despite significant technological advances in the field of assisted reproductive technologies, managing recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more failed clinical pregnancies, and recurrent implantation failure (RIF), defined as three failed embryo transfers, continues to challenge clinicians. More recently, we have begun to appreciate the complex immunological interactions which are fundamental for the initiation and progression of a pregnancy. In this chapter, we review the role of a comprehensive reproductive immunologic evaluation in patients with unexplained RPL and RIF following euploid embryo transfers. We address aspects of reproductive biology which may impact embryo implantation and development, including uterine factors, genetic factors, coagulopathies, and infectious etiologies. Finally, we propose an algorithm for the management of patients with RPL and RIF.
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