Abstract
Minerals are naturally occurring, finite, nonrenewable primarily land-based asset and necessary for growth of the society. Related activities are exploration, mining-beneficiation and smelting-refining. Possible impacts include baseline monitoring, management of lumpy and fine waste, subsidence, fire, airborne contaminants, noise pollution, vibration, water, hazardous chemicals, biodiversity, socioeconomic assessment, plans, mine closure and rehabilitation. Environmental System Management provides structured approach to plan and implement protection measures under international standards.
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