Abstract
This chapter focuses on the applications of gene transfer to adoptive immunotherapy of malignancy. This form of cellular therapy refers to the infusion of tumor-reactive immune cells into the tumor-bearing host to mediate, directly or indirectly, regression of established tumor. This chapter reviews different methods of genetic transfer to generate immune cells into the tumor-bearing host for subsequent adoptive transfer. These include the use of gene-modified tumor to serve as immunogens to generate effector T cells, genetic manipulation of T cells to enhance antitumor reactivity, and genetic modulation of dendritic cells (DCs). The feasibility of adoptive immunotherapy for cancer is based on two fundamental observations derived from animal models. The first is that tumor cells express antigens that are qualitatively or quantitatively different from normal cells and can elicit an immune response within the syngeneic host. The second is that the immune rejection of established tumors can be mediated by the adoptive transfer of appropriately sensitized lymphoid cells.
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