Abstract
Material processing refers to a variety of industrial operations in which the laser operates on a workpiece to modify it. Few of its applications include: welding, hole drilling, cutting, trimming of electronic components, heat treating, and alloying. There are various properties of laser light that enable the material processing applications. These properties include collimation, radiance, and focusability, and aid in concentrating the laser light by a lens for achieving extremely high irradiance at the surface of the workpiece. Thus, lasers can be used for precision processing. They produce very large heating rates in the affected volume. This leads to small heat-affected zones, and makes laser processing advantageous when one desires to affect only a localized region. In a laser material processing operation, the lens must be protected from the material vaporized from the workpiece. Any debris splattered back on the lens can quickly damage the lens, requiring costly replacement.
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