Abstract
Biofuels are the promising alternative to exhaustible, environmentally unsafe fossil fuels. Algal biomass is attractive raw material for biofuel production. Its cultivation does not compete for cropland with agricultural growing of food crop and does not require complex treatment methods in comparison with lignocellulose-enriched biomass. One of the main steps for algal biofuel fabrication is the cultivation of biomass. Photobioreactors and open-air systems are commonly used cultivation methods. The current review chapter explores the potential application of algal biomass for the production of biofuels and bio-based products. The variety of processes and pathways through which biovalorization of algal biomass can be performed are elaborately demonstrated. Various lipid extraction techniques from algal biomass along with the transesterification routes for biodiesel production are briefly discussed. Processes such as the transesterification, microbial fermentation, pretreatment, and saccharification of algal biomass and anaerobic digestion for the production of biomethane, biodiesel, biomethane, biochar, and various bio-based products are also reviewed in detail. Taken together, this review chapter illustrates the opportunities and challenges related to biovalorization of algal biomass along with an emphasis on different perspective regarding the processes involved in its production and the feasibility to make algal research a reality for the production of biofuels and bio-based products in a sustainable manner.
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