Chapter 11 - Protein and peptide drug delivery system

Abstract

Proteins and peptides are excellent possibilities for therapeutic applications since they are essential components of many biological processes. The utilization of proteins and peptides as drugs is prone to degradation, poor solubility, and inability to cross biological barriers; it means it may not be able to function optimally over an extended period, potentially leading to reduced efficiency, durability, or reliability. Therefore the development of effective delivery systems is important to ensure their bioavailability and efficacy. Formulation approaches such as encapsulation, complexation, and conjugation have been extensively studied to improve protein and peptide stability and bioavailability. Evaluation of these delivery systems includes physicochemical characterization like stability, bioassay pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments. Novel approaches such as nanotechnology-based delivery systems and gene therapy-mediated protein expression have also shown promise in enhancing protein and peptide delivery. Some recent therapeutic applications of protein and peptide delivery systems include cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and regenerative medicine. These delivery systems are also likely effective for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Continued research in this field offers significant potential for treating different diseases and enhancing patient healthcare. Overall, this chapter emphasizes the vital importance of protein and peptide delivery systems in the development of novel therapeutics. The various barriers to protein and peptide delivery and the formulation and evaluation technique to overcome them are also discussed. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the potential applications and future prospects of protein and peptide delivery systems in therapeutics.