Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound is critical for planning, guiding, and post-procedural evaluation of both pleural and lung procedures. Compared with computed tomography (CT) or fluoroscopy, ultrasound has advantages of avoiding radiation exposure, lower cost, ease of use, portability, and lack of need for dedicated procedure suites. For pleural procedures, ultrasound is used to evaluate for complications, monitor for resolution of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax, and characterize pleural fluid to select the most appropriate drainage method. Use of ultrasound for site marking prior to pleural drainage procedures has been shown to reduce the risk of complications and improve procedure success rates. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of peripheral lung masses can achieve higher histologic yields than CT-guided biopsy because ultrasound can readily differentiate solid tissue from fluid. This chapter focuses on the technical aspects of using ultrasound to guide lung and pleural procedures, emphasizing a standardized approach to ensure safe access to the pleural space regardless of the technique or device used.
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