Chapter 103 - Health Benefits of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds and Peanut Oil Consumption

Abstract

This chapter highlights the health benefits of peanut seeds. The consumption of either peanuts or processed peanuts has been shown to be beneficial to health, due to their desirable lipid profile, which is higher in unsaturated fatty acids than in saturated fatty acids. Peanut oil is naturally trans- fat-free, cholesterol-free, and low in saturated fats. It shows many positive biological effects, which are mostly connected with its high oleic acid content. A number of studies have shown the unique properties of this fatty acid and the importance of maintaining its intake at as high a level as possible. Many studies have revealed that consumption of peanuts or peanut oil is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and may improve serum lipid profiles, decrease LDL oxidation, and exert a cardioprotective effect. Peanut and peanut products (peanuts, peanut butter, and peanut oil) can be used in designing a high-MUFA, cholesterol-lowering diet that is preferable to a low-fat diet in regard to CVD protection. Peanuts also proved to be beneficial in lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes. People with this type of diabetes do not produce adequate amounts of insulin for the needs of the body and/or cannot use insulin effectively. Processed peanuts and by-products from the production of peanut products also exhibit health-promoting and preventive effects. Frequent intake of peanut and its products may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Some people have allergic reactions to peanuts; exposure can cause severe physical symptoms.