Abstract
The rise in Cd contamination in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems through anthropogenic activities is a serious concern due to its environmental and human implications. To curb Cd toxicity, several strategies including phytoremediation have been studied. Despite recent advancements, the use of organic acids (OAs), such as citric, malic, oxalic, and tartaric acids, to ameliorate Cd phytoextraction remains a primary area of research. These OAs promote metal solubilisation in soils to improve the phytoextraction ability of plants. This chapter emphasises the recent findings and mechanisms behind the role of various OAs in ameliorating (1) Cd solubilisation in the soil; (2) mobilisation or transport of Cd in the root zone; and (3) Cd translocation from roots to the upper aerial plant parts. In addition, this chapter focuses on the potential risks associated with the enhanced phytoextraction of Cd mediated by OAs: (1) potential toxicity of OAs to plants and (2) decomposition and leaching rates of OAs in soil.
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