Abstract
The incredible colors of cyanobacteria primarily originate from the fluorescent accessory light-harvesting protein complex called phycobiliproteins (PBPs). They are water-soluble pigments integrated with attached open-chain tetrapyrrole chromophore derived from heme. These pigmented proteins are made up of phycoerythrin (PE), phycocyanin (PC), and allophycocyanin (APC) that play a significant role in the harvesting of light energy from solar radiation. Apart from their crucial role in photosynthesis, PBPs are being used in the development of various food and biotechnology products. Commercially, PBPs are used as natural colorants, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, fluorescent dyes, and pharmaceuticals products. Moreover, they are also used as natural ingredients in the development of various products in biotechnology and clinical sciences. Due to continuous increase in the commercial applications of PBPs, its global market demand has increased. Therefore, there is an utmost need to develop a rapid and cost-effective production technology for the biomass production of cyanobacteria having enriched PBPs. In this chapter, we have focused on the recent researches and developments made in the field of large-scale production of PBPs as well as their utilization in food materials and various biotechnological products.
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