Abstract
This chapter describes scientific computing, which is a collection of tools, techniques, and theories required to solve mathematical models of problems in science and engineering on a computer. Scientific computing draws on mathematics and computer science to develop the best ways to use computer systems to solve problems from science and engineering. It is viewed as the discipline that achieves a computer solution of mathematical models of problems from science and engineering. Hence, the first step in the overall solution process is the formulation of a suitable mathematical model of the problem at hand. In many physical problems, these factors concern the balance of forces and other conservation laws of physics. For example, in the formulation of a model of a trajectory problem, the basic physical law is Newton's second law of motion, which requires that the forces acting on a body equal the rate of change of momentum of the body.
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