Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in many respects. First, they have then nuclei separated by a membrane from the cytoplasm. This membrane effectively separates transcription, which takes place in the nucleus, from translation, which proceeds mainly in the cytoplasm. Thus, transcription and translation in eukaryotes are uncoupled and for this reason an additional step in gene expression appears— namely, mRNA transport. Second, in eukaryotes the process of the regulation of gene expression is complicated. Various cells differ greatly in their properties, and these differences are stable and do not depend on the conditions of the medium— that is, the cells are differentiated. Third, the chromosomes in eukaryotes contain many proteins. In particular, the strongly basic proteins, histones, are complexed with the DNA. This may be connected with the appearance of differentiation and the general complication of the regulatory processes. This chapter describes the patterns of transcription in eukaryotic cells. Different models of the transcriptional unit in eukaryotic cell are discussed in the chapter to describe the nature of dRNA2 or dRNA that is degraded inside the cell nucleus. General aspects of the regulation of transcription in eukaryotes and the role of chromosomal protein are also discussed in this chapter.
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