Abstract
BackgroundMost studies have shown that maternal age is associated with birth weight. However, the specific relationship between each additional year of maternal age and birth weight remains unclear. The study aimed to analyze the specific association between maternal age and birth weight.MethodsRaw data for all live births from 2015 to 2018 were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Xi’an, China. A total of 490,143 mother-child pairs with full-term singleton live births and the maternal age ranging from 20 to 40 years old were included in our study. Birth weight, gestational age, neonatal birth date, maternal birth date, residence and ethnicity were collected. Generalized additive model and two-piece wise linear regression model were used to analyze the specific relationships between maternal age and birth weight, risk of low birth weight, and risk of macrosomia.ResultsThe relationships between maternal age and birth weight, risk of low birth weight, and risk of macrosomia were nonlinear. Birth weight increased 16.204 g per year when maternal age was less than 24 years old (95%CI: 14.323, 18.086), and increased 12.051 g per year when maternal age ranged from 24 to 34 years old (95%CI: 11.609, 12.493), then decreased 0.824 g per year (95% CI: -3.112, 1.464). The risk of low birth weight decreased with the increase of maternal age until 36 years old (OR = 0.917, 95%CI: 0.903, 0.932 when maternal age was younger than 27 years old; OR = 0.965, 95%CI: 0.955, 0.976 when maternal age ranged from 27 to 36 years old), then increased when maternal age was older than 36 years old (OR = 1.133, 95%CI: 1.026, 1.250). The risk of macrosomia increased with the increase of maternal age (OR = 1.102, 95%CI: 1.075, 1.129 when maternal age was younger than 24 years old; OR = 1.065, 95%CI: 1.060, 1.071 when maternal age ranged from 24 to 33 years old; OR = 1.029, 95%CI: 1.012, 1.046 when maternal age was older than 33 years old).ConclusionsFor women of childbearing age (20–40 years old), the threshold of maternal age on low birth weight was 36 years old, and the risk of macrosomia increased with the increase of maternal age.
Highlights
Most studies have shown that maternal age is associated with birth weight
The risk of Low birth weight (LBW) increased by 13.3% per year increase in maternal age when maternal age was older than 36 years old (OR = 1.133, 95%Confidence intervals (CI): 1.026, 1.250)
Main results Our research indicated the specific relationships between maternal age change and the change of Birth weight (BW), LBW and macrosomia
Summary
Most studies have shown that maternal age is associated with birth weight. The specific relationship between each additional year of maternal age and birth weight remains unclear. The study aimed to analyze the specific association between maternal age and birth weight. Abnormal BW, including low birth weight (LBW, BW < 2500 g) and macrosomia (BW ≥ 4000 g), significantly increases the risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity and, in recent years, has been shown to be a marker of age-related disease risk [2, 3]. It was estimated that the incidence of LBW was about 5–7% in developed countries and as high as 19% in developing countries [4], and in mainland China, the specific interest for this paper, it was 6.1% [5]. Considering the large number of newborns in China, it is likely that LBW and macrosomia might remain a major public health issue over the few years in China [3]
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