Changing of the guard: A Nebraska perspective on institutional knowledge and inland fisheries management

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to seek better relational strategies between formal and informal stakeholder relationships to improve megaproject performance.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model was developed with twenty hypotheses based on the literature review. Then a questionnaire survey was conducted, and the collected data were analyzed by Partial Least squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for validating the proposed model. Finally, the findings were discussed by a comparative study to explain the different effects of the formal and informal relationship on megaproject performance, and the managerial implications are presented for the stakeholders to implement the relationship management in the megaprojects.FindingsThe research finding reveals that formal relationship plays a dominating role in cost, quality, and labor protection; meanwhile, it is still more reliable in improving coordination, safety and environmental protection. Both formal and informal relationship is equally important towards collaboration and scheduling while the informal relationship is more effective in communication and project transparency.Originality/valueThe study extends the knowledge of relationship management in the domain of the megaproject performance. It provides a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the impact of formal and informal stakeholder relationships on ten aspects of the megaproject performance by the proposed conceptual model and PLS-SEM results. The research findings contribute to the theory of relationship management on how the different influences between formal and informal stakeholder relationships lead to better megaproject performance from inter-organizational level to project and societal level.

PurposeThis study aims to explore the emergence and development of new industries, especially in the context of developing countries, by considering industry emergence and development as a large-scale institutional change or transition.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an inductive case study research on the emergence of the biopharmaceutical industry in a developing country. The data on the emergence and development of Iran’s biopharmaceutical industry during 1990 and 2018 were collected through semi-structured interviews, participation in meetings, visits to companies and analysis of archival texts. The data analysis was an inductive and iterative process.FindingsIn the emergence and development of the biopharmaceutical industry, there have been a few key agents, institutional entrepreneurs (IEs), in both the state and private sectors, who played main roles. Moreover, the most important type of knowledge which has been crucial for the decision-making of IEs has been informal, tacit and institutional knowledge. Furthermore, the authors identified a mechanism, inter-institutional circulation, as being most effective in the transfer of institutional knowledge among IEs.Originality/valueThe originality of this study is applying insights from institutional entrepreneurship and knowledge management literature to the extant literature on industry emergence and development.

In northern industrialized countries, the inland fisheries sector has long been dominated by recreational fisheries, which normally exploit fish for leisure or subsistence and provide many (poorly investigated) benefits to society. Various factors constrain the development and existence of inland fisheries, such as local user conflicts, low social priority and inadequate research and funding. In many cases, however, degradation of the environment and loss of aquatic habitat are the predominant concerns for the sustainability of inland fisheries. The need for concerted effort to prevent and reduce environmental degradation, as well as conservation of freshwater fish and fisheries as renewable common pool resources or entities in their own right is the greatest challenge facing sustainable development of inland waters. In inland fisheries management, the declining quality of the aquatic environment coupled with long‐term inadequate and often inappropriate fisheries management has led to an emphasis on enhancement practices, such as stocking, to mitigate anthropogenic stress. However, this is not always the most appropriate management approach. Therefore, there is an urgent need to alter many traditional inland fisheries management practices and systems to focus on sustainable development.This paper reviews the literature regarding the inputs needed for sustainability of inland fisheries in industrialized countries. To understand better the problems facing sustainable inland fisheries management, the inland fisheries environment, its benefits, negative impacts and constraints, as well as historical management, paradigms, trends and current practices are described. Major philosophical shifts, challenges and promising integrated management approaches are envisaged in a holistic framework. The following are considered key elements for sustainable development of inland fisheries: communication, information dissemination, education, institutional restructuring, marketing outreach, management plans, decision analysis, socioeconomic evaluation and research into the human dimension, in addition to traditional biological and ecological sciences. If these inputs are integrated with traditional fisheries management practices, the prospects for sustainability in the inland fisheries will be enhanced.

This study examines the effects that ambidextrous relationships, i.e., oriented relationships within a firm towards the development of exploitation activities and oriented relationships towards the development of exploration activities, have on employee performance in terms of creativity, research and development (R&D), and sustainable innovation performance. We contend that informal relationships affect employee creativity and R&D. However, formal relationships affect employee creativity and sustainable innovation performance. The purpose of this study is to inject new positive relationships into firms by examining ambidextrous relationships and the moderating role of social capability in the relationships–innovation effect. We empirically tested our hypotheses by using multisource data collected from 245 Spanish firms across 14 industries. Our structural equation models suggest that these two types of relationship predict employee creativity, which in turn increases sustainable innovation performance and R&D. The results reveal that the effects between informal relationships and creativity are stronger, as are the effects between formal relationships and sustainable innovation performance. A multigroup structural analysis also reveals that effects between informal and formal relationships, employee creativity, R&D, and sustainable innovation performance are stronger within firms that have employees with high social capability. The efforts and investments made in employee social capital support the development of new ideas, R&D, and innovation success. Support is provided for an ambidextrous Human Resource Management (HRM) approach which is relevant for innovation, and several practical recommendations and implementation guidelines for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are provided. This study provides a plausible explanation of two important management mechanisms for enhancing creativity—R&D and sustainable innovation performance. Relationships are malleable, and this study suggests that fostering formal and informal relationships might hold the key to sustainable innovation performance and unlocking desirable employee behavior.

En los últimos 10 años, los Sistemas de Información Curricular se han convertido en herramientas significativas en la aplicación de instrumentos de medición de la gestión de la ciencia y la tecnología a nivel institucional y regional. La presente investigación centra su atención en el desarrollo de un instrumento de medición para la gestión de la ciencia y la tecnología a nivel institucional; la propuesta se auxilia del análisis empírico de esta actividad en la Universidad de Pinar del Río (Cuba). Se utiliza como herramienta el Sistema Integral de Gestión de Información y Conocimiento institucional (CV-UPR), desarrollado por especialistas de esta Universidad. La investigación parte de la identificación de los referentes teóricos y conceptuales que sustentan la propuesta, mediante el método del análisis documental. Además se auxilia del método empírico de la observación, y de las entrevistas y encuestas como técnicas empíricas. El instrumento que se obtiene ofrece valores puntuales y además realiza comparaciones entre un conjunto de variables identificadas. Los análisis evaluativos realizados, mediante el cálculo de un sistema de indicadores, permitieron identificar las capacidades de la institución para la generación, diseminación y valoración de la información y el conocimiento institucional en el proceso de gestión de la ciencia y la tecnología, a nivel institucional.

<em>Abstract</em> .—The assessment process is fundamental to ensuring that inland fisheries are managed sustainably and valued appropriately so that they can support livelihoods, contribute to food security, and generate other ecosystem services. To that end, a global group of leaders in inland fishery assessment convened to generate a list of recommendations and specific actions for improving assessment of inland fisheries. Recommendations included the needs to assess the global contribution of inland fisheries to food security, develop and implement rigorous approaches to evaluate various inland fishery management actions, develop and implement creative approaches to improve the assessment of illegal fishing activities, and improve statistical data for unreported and unregulated catches in inland waters. The group also identified a need to develop standardized and defensible methods of biological assessment of inland fish and fisheries that include data collection, database management, and data sharing and reporting to reflect diverse ecosystem types. Moreover, it was recommended that assessment be designed to better inform inland fishery management and other sector planning and decision making at the appropriate scales (e.g., integrated water resource management) through stakeholder engagement, valuation of fisheries outputs, and identification of policy alternatives with consideration of trade-offs. The inherent diversity of inland fisheries in terms of ecological, socioeconomic, and governance attributes was recognized throughout the process of developing the suggested actions, including how such attributes combine to provide fisheries-specific contexts for management. Using appropriate and accessible communication channels is critical to more effectively package, present, and transfer information that raises awareness about inland fisheries values and issues; alter human behavior; and influence relevant policy and management actions. Creating mechanisms to facilitate dialogue among the diverse range of stakeholders is equally important. Improved assessment techniques should play a fundamental role in supporting sustainable inland fisheries management and contributing to food security and livelihoods, while also maintaining or improving ecological integrity.

How to use and knowledge management capabilities in today’s highly competitive environment to help organizations respond quickly to market changes and customer needs is a major challenge in the organization of information technology, and one of the most important research issues in the field of information systems. Modern enterprises have shown great enthusiasm in using complex information technology to gain competitive advantage. The successful application of enterprise information technology requires enterprises to deeply understand the absorption process of information technology within the organization. The introduction of information technology in the organization often means the transfer of technical knowledge, management knowledge and institutional knowledge contained in the software system. Multimedia knowledge management has become a key factor affecting the in-depth application of enterprise information systems. Therefore, this paper starts from the level of multimedia knowledge management, and explores the impact of organizational knowledge and information technology-related knowledge base and absorptive capacity on enterprise system information absorption. At the same time, it also discusses the impact of multimedia information resources on organizational information absorption, focusing on the mediating role of multimedia information management capabilities and the regulatory role of MULTIMEDIA KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENTs information support, confirming that information resources will improve organizational information absorption. When organizations need to improve the absorption of their organizational information, resorting to information is often an effective way to enrich the research on organizational information absorption from the perspective of multimedia knowledge management and information resources.

The advancement of knowledge and globalization is transforming the world. Higher education institutions (HEIs) have thus assumed a more active role through knowledge transfer (KT) and technology transfer (TT), not only in developed countries but also in emerging economies. This research analyzed the internal situation of Colombian HEIs, focusing on the management, administration, teaching and research subsystems, and how these interact with their environment to improve the effectiveness of KT and TT. The non-probabilistic sample included 258 participants from 59 public and private HEIs, who answered a 53-item questionnaire. A partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is presented to analyze the relationships between six constructs: (i) leadership and governance (LG), (ii) organizational capacity, people and incentives (OCPI), (iii) institution and external relations (IER), (iv) knowledge and technology transfer impact (KTTI), (v) KT and (vi) TT. The findings reveal a limited development of KT and TT in the Republic of Colombia. This study empirically validated four hypotheses that relate constructs one to another: KT and LG (0.048), KT and OCPI (0.045), KT and IER (0.032) and TT and KTTI (0.035). Environmental pressures on HEIs may explain the direction of the causal relationships found in the study. This research contributes to the discussion on the role of HEIs in emerging economies and the importance of adapting the KT and TT models to the specific conditions of each territory, facilitating the economic and social development of developing countries.

BackgroundManagement of care transitions from primary care into and out of oncology is critical for optimal care of cancer patients and cancer survivors. There is limited understanding of existing primary care-oncology relationships within the context of the changing health care environment.MethodsThrough a comparative case study of 14 innovative primary care practices throughout the United States (U.S.), we examined relationships between primary care and oncology settings to identify attributes contributing to strengthened relationships in diverse settings. Field researchers observed practices for 10–12 days, recording fieldnotes and conducting interviews. We created a reduced dataset of all text related to primary care-oncology relationships, and collaboratively identified patterns to characterize these relationships through an inductive “immersion/crystallization” analysis process.ResultsNine of the 14 practices discussed having either formal or informal primary care-oncology relationships. Nearly all formal primary care-oncology relationships were embedded within healthcare systems. The majority of private, independent practices had more informal relationships between individual primary care physicians and specific oncologists. Practices with formal relationships noted health system infrastructure that facilitates transfer of patient information and timely referrals. Practices with informal relationships described shared commitment, trust, and rapport with specific oncologists. Regardless of relationship type, challenges reported by primary care settings included lack of clarity about roles and responsibilities during cancer treatment and beyond.ConclusionsWith the rapid transformation of U.S. healthcare towards system ownership of primary care practices, efforts are needed to integrate strengths of informal primary care-oncology relationships in addition to formal system driven relationships.

INTRODUCTION:The research on student retention and success suggests a wide range of personal and social attributes on the part of students and a wide array of practices on the part of the institution that impact retention rates, student performance, and the overall experience for students at a university (Fike & Fike, 2008; Fitzgibbon, 2012; Goldman & Goodboy, 2014; Renn & Reason, 2012; Robinson, Le Riche, & Jacklin, 2007; Tinto, 2012; Wilcox, Winn, & Fyvie-Gauld, 2005). The purpose of this study is to understand the 1st-year experience of students at a midsized, Midwestern state university in the United States. In a mixed-method study, a research team of students in an educational leadership doctoral program asked undergraduates to describe their experiences during their 1st year at the university.The research questions asked students to describe cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of their university experience, including their sense of belonging at the university, how trust was created, how they learned to navigate the university system, or gain institutional knowledge, as well as how networks were developed which could facilitate learning.LITERATURE REVIEW:According to Stanton-Salazar (1997, 2011), relationships between faculty and staff with students have the power to transform school cultures in a positive way, which then creates a positive experience for students. The foundational components of the relationship between the faculty and students are reciprocity and trust at both individual and collective levels. Stanton-Salazar (2011) defined reciprocity as helping others without expecting anything in return. He characterized trust as being mutually respectful. He further stated the importance of these two qualities in three realms.First, relationships need to be collaboratively beneficial and intentionally built between those in power (in this case, university personnel) and their students to benefit the student's academic development. This leads directly to the importance of social networking, the second realm Stanton-Salazar (1997,2011) described. Technological social networking can be an important component of these social networks. For example, professors and students knowing each other outside of the classroom setting and beyond the content expertise is one component of social networking. Discussion boards or social networking sites can be used to support out-of-class social contact. A third realm is the development of trust and relationships that allow for the transfer of institutional knowledge (that is, knowledge of the way the university system works). Stanton-Salazar (1997) stated that the funds of institutional knowledge include key points of knowledge a student must have in order to navigate an institutional setting effectively. Learning the way one professional, educational setting works can help a student work within other, similar institutional settings. Social networks and relationships that develop this institutional knowledge help students-especially first-generation college students-become aware of how to succeed within the institution. For example, if a student is struggling with coursework, are proactive mechanisms in place to support the student? Do faculty or staff understand the impact of low socioeconomic background on students (Bettinger & Baker, 2011; Stephens, Hamedani, & Destin, 2014)? When faculty and staff are aware of other aspects of student needs outside of the content area of the classroom, students can have the confidence to persevere.Social capital theory, according to Stanton Salazar (1997, 2011), allocates responsibility to the personnel who work at the university to convey institutional knowledge to students, especially students in their 1st year, nontraditional students, or those whose family members did not attend college. In addition to academic or cognitive knowledge, noncognitive skills are considered important for students to develop. …

In 2021, a survey was conducted to map the willingness to share knowledge of several students studying at Hungarian universities. The authors of the study wanted to examine how students rate knowledge sharing in the organisation where they study, how open they are to share their knowledge, what informal forms of knowledge sharing exist in the educational institution for academic and non-academic knowledge sharing, with whom they are willing to share their knowledge the most and furthermore what are the most important knowledge transfer problems in their institutions. The respondents filled in a questionnaire during seminars and on the social media platforms. 552 university students participated in the survey. The results show that knowledge sharing is a fundamental feature of the institutional strategy and active knowledge transfer is practised in schools since this is one of the primary tasks of universities, however, it is less common to encourage or reward knowledge sharing. In the study women rated their institution's knowledge management practices stronger than men. Furthermore, the results showed that in institutions where knowledge sharing is an important part of the strategy, there is active knowledge sharing and the more distant the relationship between a student and a student is, the less open they are to sharing information. According to the findings, the closer the relationship is, the more sharing tends to occur within the participants of knowledge transfer. As the issue of knowledge management and knowledge sharing is an inevitable question in corporations’ and universities’ everyday life, preserving, developing, and transferring knowledge is a primary requirement for the organisations.

The library is known as an information provider institution. Activities in libraries tend to revolve around procurement, storage and information services, not yet on knowledge management. Indeed knowledge is created from information, and vice versa, from knowledge will produce information. However, knowledge management has emerged from the economic and business world. Therefore this paper aims to dig deeper into the role and position of the library in the knowledge management dimension. This paper uses the literature study method, which is the source and method of data collection by taking data in the library, reading, recording, and processing research material. The results of this paper study are the library is a knowledge institution that also carries out the task of knowledge management. Librarians play the role of knowledge managers whose main task is to trace, select, sort, store and disseminate various types of knowledge. Librarians change the tacit knowledge that still exists in a person to expilcit, then the librarian explains the core of explicit knowledge in the library collection to the librarian. The conclusions of this study are the library is part of knowledge management. Libraries act as knowledge institutions and librarians automatically become workers / managers of knowledge. Furthermore the library processes the tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge, so that it is easily accessed, understood and utilized by the wider community

80 Background: Improvements in the management of care transitions between primary care and oncology are critical for achieving optimal care quality and outcomes for cancer patients and survivors. We examine relationships between innovative PC practices and oncologists to inform and strengthen PC-oncology interfaces in diverse healthcare settings. Methods: Comparative case studies of 14 innovative PC practices throughout the United States examined strategies for providing cancer survivorship care. Field researchers observed each practice for 10-12 days, recording fieldnotes and conducting key informant and formal, semi-structured interviews with clinicians and staff. We extracted all data related to PC-oncology relationships and then collaboratively identified patterns to characterize these relationships through an inductive “immersion/crystallization” analysis process. Results: Nine of the 14 practices discussed either formal or informal PC-oncology relationships. Nearly all practices with existing formal PC-oncology relationships were embedded within healthcare systems. Private, independent practices had more informal relationships between individual PC physicians and specific oncologists. Practices with formal relationships noted ease of communication and transfer of patient information, timeliness in patient referrals, and direct access to oncologists; while practices with informal relationships noted the benefits of having close engagement with specific oncologists. Regardless of relationship type, remaining challenges include lack of clarity about roles during cancer treatment and beyond. Conclusions: With the rapid transformation of U.S. healthcare towards system ownership of primary care practices, efforts are needed to integrate the strengths of both formal and informal PC-oncology relationships to improve care for cancer patients and survivors.

California Community Colleges (CCCs) are facing an ongoing wave of baby boomer retirements that started many years ago and hasnt yet crested. With their retirements comes the potential to lose the "deep smarts" these leaders bring to their organizations, gained through decades of experience. Through the lens of changing workforce demographics, and a dedication to succession planning and knowledge management and transfer, institutions can work to capture some of this organizational history and information before it is lost forever. This qualitative study looks at the first step in this equation - the lived experiences of a select group of individuals as they retired from senior leadership roles within the CCC system. The phenomenological approach allowed for patterns to emerge regarding the knowledge transfer experiences of these leaders both before and after announcing their retirements. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven individuals, and upon review of the raw transcription data through the coding process described by Saldaña as "pragmatic eclecticism," three major themes emerged. Each theme encompasses succession planning through knowledge management and transfer within the CCC setting, broken out as follows: 1) Succession Planning as a Process, 2) The Context of Succession Planning, and 3) The Means of Succession Planning. Results flowing from the themes include 1) California Community Colleges need to increase their knowledge of succession planning to move beyond talk to action, 2) Personal career development and retirement journeys have the potential to affect organizational succession planning, 3) Institutional culture, personnel, and politics tend to impact succession planning efforts, and 4) Knowledge transfer is likely to be informal and individually, not organizationally, driven. Recommendations are made for action on the part of both CCCs as a system of unique institutions, and individuals who may seek leadership positions within that system. Recommendations for future research relate to the expansion of the study population and exploration of the CCCs current practices as they relate to succession planning and knowledge management and transfer, including establishment of best practices within the system. Methods chosen for implementation should meet the needs and expectations of the retirees, their peers, and their successors.

There’s a growing interest in Knowledge Management (KM) in the corporate world. The company’s ability to compile the accrued knowledge, organize are valued by what they know. Knowing the organization, its culture and how your employees relate themselves formal or informally, became fundamental for elaborating strategies for an efficient KM application. The formal relationship is easily recognized in the organizational charts of any organization type; however the informal relationships, which generate high synergy, are not much explored as a manner of knowledge sharing. The present article has the purpose of presenting how the interpersonal relationship occurs in a general management of CENPES (Research Center Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello) which develops basic engineering projects for the oil and gas industry, identifying its key actors through the Social Network Analysis (SNA). We aimed to reveal how the employee sample is organized, considering four analysis factors: information, knowledge, friendship and trust. For data source, a survey was performed through questionnaires applied for the employees of the studied unit. For the analysis, UCINET and NETDRAW tools were used. As results, the key actors were identified for the four analysis factors and which is the relationship among the group. We have verified a bottleneck in information and knowledge transfer as well as little interaction among the groups of studied management teams.