Changes in the travel patterns of older Americans with medical conditions: A comparison of 2001 and 2017 NHTS data

Abstract

The older population in the U.S. is increasing and the physiological, cognitive, and psychological changes of aging can potentially pose mobility barriers for them. A medical condition further impedes travel opportunities and hinders continued engagement in civic and social life, adversely impacting their quality of life. This study uses the 2001 and 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data and analyzes the socio-demographic, attitudinal, and travel characteristics associated with older population long-distance travel patterns to support policy changes that address their emerging travel needs. The study results find a shift in trend in the mode preference of the new generation of older people with a medical condition. They are less likely to drive a car and prefer riding a bus or some other transport modes. They are also more likely to travel more over the weekend and evening hours. The older individuals are also more likely to travel long distances for work/business, religious trips, visits to family, friends, and relatives, but not for shopping, medical, and recreational purposes. Income and education levels of the older population with a medical condition directly impact their long-distance travel and are likely to increase in the future. The new generation of older people with a medical condition (i.e., 2017 data) are less likely to self-regulate travel by limiting or giving up driving and are more likely to be self-dependent by refusing to ask for rides or use special transportation. As a result, more older drivers with medical conditions can be expected to drive on the roads in the future adding to their road safety risks as well as those of others. This warrants transport policy changes to support safer mobility options for older people for their continued active community life and well-being.