Changes in Pressure Pain Thresholds Over C5-C6 Zygapophyseal Joint After a Cervicothoracic Junction Manipulation in Healthy Subjects

Abstract

Objective This study examines if C7-T1 manipulation results in changes in pressure pain thresholds (PPT) over bilateral C5-C6 zygapophyseal joints in asymptomatic subjects. Methods Thirty subjects, 13 men and 17 women, without a current history of neck, shoulder, or upper extremity pain participated. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups: experimental dominant group, subjects who received the manipulative thrust directed at the right side of the C7-T1 joint; experimental nondominant group, those who received the thrust on the left side of the C7-T1 joint; and a placebo group, those who received a sham-manual procedure. The outcome measure was the PPT on both right and left C5-C5 zygapophyseal joints, which was assessed at preintervention and 5 minutes postintervention by an assessor blinded to the treatment allocation of the subject. A 3-way repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to evaluate changes in PPT. Results The analysis of covariance revealed time × group (F = 32.3; P < .001), time × side (F = 4.9; P < .05), time × sex (F = 7.93; P < .01), and time × group × sex (F = 7.606; P < .001) interactions. Post hoc analyses found that ( a) both experimental groups showed greater improvements in PPT than the placebo group ( P < .05), without significant differences between them ( P > .6); ( b) the right side had greater increases in PPT in both experimental groups ( P < .05), but not within the placebo group ( P > .8); ( c) men experienced greater increases in PPT levels than women, particularly in the experimental nondominant group ( P < .01). Within-group effect sizes were large for both experimental groups ( d > 1), but small for the placebo condition ( d < 0.2). Conclusions These results suggest that a C7-T1 manipulation induced changes in PPT in both right and left C5-C6 zygapophyseal joints in healthy subjects.