Abstract
It remains unclear how deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulates the global neuronal network involving cortical activity. We aimed to evaluate changes in cortical activity in six (two men; four women) patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who underwent unilateral globus pallidus interna (GPI) DBS surgery using a multi-channel near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system. As five of the patients were right-handed, DBS was performed on the left in these five cases. The mean age was 66.8 ± 4.0 years. The unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) motor scores were evaluated at baseline and 1- and 6-month follow-up. Task-related NIRS experiments applying the block design were performed at baseline and 1-month follow-up. The mean of the total UPDRS motor score was 48.5 ± 11.1 in the off-medication state preoperatively. Postoperatively, total UPDRS motor scores improved to 26.8 ± 16.6 (p < 0.05) and 22.2 ± 8.6 (p < 0.05) at 1- and 6-month follow-up, respectively. A task-related NIRS experiment showed a postoperative increase in the cortical activity of the prefrontal cortex comparable to the preoperative state. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a multi-channel NIRS system for PD patients treated with DBS. In this pilot study, we showed changes in motor-associated cortical activities following DBS surgery. Therapeutic DBS was concluded to have promoted the underlying neuronal network remodeling.
Highlights
MATERIALS AND METHODSThere have been numerous neuroimaging studies concerning the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD; Weingarten et al, 2015; Al-Radaideh and Rababah, 2016), and various aspects of PD came to be investigated with the development of neuroimaging technologies, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Total Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scale scores had improved to 26.8 ± 16.6 (p < 0.05) and 22.2 ± 8.6 (p < 0.05) at 1- and 6-month follow-up, respectively
We showed the potential of the Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system for investigating patients with PD who have undergone deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery
Summary
There have been numerous neuroimaging studies concerning the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD; Weingarten et al, 2015; Al-Radaideh and Rababah, 2016), and various aspects of PD came to be investigated with the development of neuroimaging technologies, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These MRI approaches include task-related functional MRI (fMRI), resting-state fMRI, and diffusion tensor imaging. In addition to these neuroimaging technologies, deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery has been used to investigate the pathophysiology of PD. Of particular relevance to the present study, it should be noted that the multi-channel NIRS system enables the safe measurement of cortical activity in DBS patients
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