Changes in Intestinal Microbial Community of the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon in Response to Triclocarban Exposure

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Triclocarban (TCC), a synthetic antimicrobial compound prevalent in personal care products, has emerged as a typical contaminant in aquatic ecosystems. Intestinal microbiota maintains the host's health homeostasis by regulating nutrient metabolism and immunity and is regarded as a sensitive biomarker for the risk assessment of pollutants. Currently, there is still a lack of toxicity assessment of TCC on the intestinal microbiota homeostasis of shrimp. Therefore, this study employed 16S rDNA sequencing to explore intestinal microbiota perturbations in Penaeus monodon following subchronic exposure (14 days) to graded TCC concentrations (1 and 10 μg/L). The results showed that TCC exposure altered intestinal microbiota diversity, marked by increases in the ACE, Chao1, and Shannon indices and a decrease in the Simpson index; however, none of these changes reached statistical significance (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the community composition was also altered, characterized by a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and a significant decrease in Tenericutes (p < 0.05), alongside non-significant increases in Proteobacteria and decreases in Firmicutes (p > 0.05). The abundances of some putative beneficial bacterial genera (Alloprevotella, Bacteroidales S24-7 group_norank, Cetobacterium, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus) and harmful bacteria (Photobacterium and Aeromonas) were decreased (p > 0.05); the abundance of Vibrio was decreased in the T1 group but increased in the T10 group (p > 0.05). Additionally, the predicted functions of the intestinal microbiota, such as glycan biosynthesis and degradation, steroid and isoflavone biosynthesis, and nucleotide metabolism, were enhanced. These results indicated that TCC exposure had a negative effect on the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota of P. monodon.