Abstract
Changes in elemental and mineralogical composition, and lead speciation, of air pollution control residue (APCR) from municipal solid waste incineration, due to treatment by water washing, were investigated in this work and are reported in the context of a review of the literature. Water washing was shown to substantially modify the nature of APCR by: 1) removing 23% dry mass soluble salts to disagglomerate particles and significantly reduce concentrations of the associated major elements, and increase concentrations of insoluble matrix elements and potential pollutants; and 2) respeciating elements to form new phases. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) showed that the 500 mg/kg of Pb in raw and washed APCR were comprised mainly of Pb-glass, with some PbSO4, and small amounts of PbO and PbCl2. Semi-quantitative linear combination fitting suggests that the glass in the APCR may be unstable and release Pb under the alkaline pH of water washing, to reprecipitate as PbO. Chemical analysis suggests that some Pb may be removed by washing. Scientific understanding of the composition of raw and washed APCR, and particularly the speciation of potentially toxic metals, such as Zn and Pb, can help in developing effective element recovery and residue treatment, utilization or disposal strategies.
Highlights
R The generation of energy from waste (EfW) in highly engineered and controlled C facilities is an effective way to recover value from municipal solid waste (MSW)
The P washing conditions were based on preliminary testing, which established that as much E chloride was removed after 30 minutes water washing, as after 24h, which agrees with C similar results from [29]
Elemental composition C The element concentrations determined for the Air S pollution control residues (APCR) and w-APCR by XRF S analysis (39 elements), and by ICP-MS and ICP-OES analysis of extracts from total and aqua-regia digestion (49 elements) are given in Table 2, in comparison
Summary
R The generation of energy from waste (EfW) in highly engineered and controlled C facilities is an effective way to recover value from municipal solid waste (MSW). They represent only 1.5-4% of the total mass of MSW combusted N in modern facilities, they contain a large proportion of soluble salts, high concentrations A of heavy metals, and small but measurable concentrations of toxic organic compounds M (e.g., dioxin and furans) [1-5]. They are considered as hazardous waste under. Scientific understanding of the composition of raw and washed APCR, and the speciation of potentially toxic metals, such as Zn and Pb, can help in developing effective element recovery, and residue treatment, utilization or disposal strategies
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