Changes in Body Composition and Adipocyte Cellularity of Male Broilers Subjected to Varying Degrees of Early-Life Feed Restriction

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to determine growth performance, body composition changes, and adipocyte characteristics of male broilers subjected to early-life feed restriction. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to determine 42-d growth performance and body composition changes. Treatments used were full-fed control and 50% physical feed restriction during the period 6 to 12 d of age. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine the adipocyte characteristics during and after feed restriction to 42 d of age. An additional treatment involved gradual refeeding following the feed restriction period. Experiment 3 was designed to test the effect of feeding different types of dietary fat during realimentation on the abdominal fat pad (AFP) size, and lasted until 18 d of age. Three types of fats were tested, namely animal-vegetable (A-V) blend, flax oil, and animal tallow, each represented by full-fed and feed-restricted treatments.Complete compensatory growth by feed-restricted birds relative to controls was not achieved by 42 d in either Experiments 1 or 2. Early feed restriction resulted in lower body fat percentage at 12 d (P < 0.05), although by 42 d a higher rate of fat deposition mainly by hypertrophy of adipocytes resulted in no difference in fatness. Gradual reintroduction into ad libitum feeding did not alter such adipocyte hypertrophy nor improve compensatory growth response during refeeding. There was consistent improvement in feed efficiency associated with early-life feed restriction (P < 0.05). The use of different types of dietary fat did not effect the AFP when expressed as percentage body weight. Birds that were fed A-V blend during the refeeding period had bigger AFP (grams per bird), a situation that is attributable to differences in body weight. Attainment of growth compensation by the feed-restricted broilers apparently requires a more prolonged growth period or a less severe feed restriction program than that used here. Saturation of dietary fat has no effect on realimentation characteristics of the broiler.