Challenging Sh**hole rhetoric: The impact of race, place, and stereotypes in the face of facts in evaluating immigrants

Pre-migration acculturation attitudes among potential ethnic migrants from Russia to Finland

Reproductive Injustice at the Southern Border and Beyond: An Analysis of Current Events and Hope for the Future.

Though the issue of product country of origin has been researched by numerous researchers, due to globalization, currently consumers have more problems perceiving the country of origin than ever before. This brings marketing specialists back to the discussion of the topic once again, with emphasis on a distinction between the country of manufacturing origin and the country of brand origin. The impact of country of manufacturing and country of brand image varies from country to country under the influence of numerous impact factors, often summarized within a culture or subcultures. One type of such subcultures could be formed by immigrants, whose perceptions might include aspects of their home country combined with those of the host country. The main purpose of this paper was to evaluate the attitudes of Lithuanians who live in Lithuania (as a country of an emerging economy) and those of emigrants living in selected countries (Ireland, the United Kingdom and Finland) with regard to the importance of country of origin. Three brands were selected for the research – Panasonic, LG and BEKO, and three different cases were presented to the respondents. First, both the brand name (Panasonic) and the manufacturing country (the United Kingdom) were associated with a developed country. In the second case, country of brand origin (LG) was identified as a developed country while country of manufacture represented an emerging economy (Poland). Finally, an emerging economy of the country of brand origin (BEKO) and an emerging economy of the country of manufacturing (Turkey) were dealt with.Findings provide evidence that, in general, more developed countries had a better image as countries – manufacturers of TV sets than less developed countries (emerging economies). Analysis of opinions about country of brand origin revealed that brands from developed countries were evaluated better than those from emerging economies. In addition, analysis showed that respondents who live in an emerging economy have more positive attitude towards the surveyed brands compared with Lithuanian emigrants to developed countries. Finally, strong correlation was found between the evaluation of a brand and evaluation of the country of brand origin, while there was no correlation between evaluation of a brand and evaluation of country of manufacturing.

Background: Worldwide, our societies are characterized by an increasing diversity, greatly contributed by immigrants. When in need of care older immigrants face various barriers and serious challenges in terms of unmet preferences. To provide person-centered care, health care professionals need to consider the personal background of immigrants to identify and assess their individual preferences. Objective: To understand how preferences of older immigrants in nursing care are defined and how they can be assessed. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted to identify and analyze preferences of older immigrants across health care settings. Preliminary results: The literature search revealed that older immigrants in need of care define their preferences in terms of expectations and priorities. Differences among immigrants are related to the age of the person at the time of immigration, on cultural differences and/or on how the concepts of preferences in the country of origin is understood.

This study examines the preferences of young people from the majority group and minority ethnic groups in Germany regarding partnerships with recent refugees from Syria and Afghanistan. On the basis of a factorial survey experiment implemented in the year 2022 in the 9th wave of the CILS4EU-DE data, we demonstrate that young people in Germany – both with and without migration background – are much less favourable to partnerships with refugees compared to partnerships with native Germans. Of all respondents, young people who either themselves or whose parents come from Turkey are most opposed to partnerships with refugees. Particularly those who tend to extensively consume Turkish media and those who identify more strongly with their origin country are more negative about partnerships with refugees.

Scholars examining racial stereotyping and prejudice in racially organised social systems have largely focused on how non-White ethnic and racial groups experience racial stereotyping in White-majority national contexts such as the US, Australia and European countries. There is only scant scholarship on experiences of ethno-racial communities in Black-majority countries such as South Africa, a country where Whites are a minority. Even though there is ample scholarly work on racial stereotyping of racial groups in South Africa such as Coloured people, much of it is focused on their experiences during colonial and Apartheid eras. Little is understood about how Coloured people experience racial stigmatisation in post-Apartheid South Africa. This paper addresses this gap. Based on interviews with fourteen Coloured participants from Westbury, Johannesburg, this study found that many interviewees claimed that Coloured South Africans were negatively racially stereotyped as people who use drugs, as aggressive and violent people, as alcoholics and as criminals. Many participants also resisted and countered the negative stereotypes by talking about Coloured people in positive ways, which shows their agency. The negative stereotyping of Coloured people which prevailed during colonial and Apartheid times is still deployed by society to describe Coloured people in post-Apartheid South Africa. To capture the continuity of negative stereotyping in South Africa about Coloured people, I developed the analytical term of ‘perpetual racial stereotyping’. Many decades after the end of the Apartheid system, negative racial stereotyping of Coloured South Africans still continues in everyday life, and Coloured people are still associated with racist prejudices, narratives, discourses and stereotypes that were invented many decades ago by settler colonialism and Apartheid.

In this paper, it is distinguished between extrinsic and intrinsic quality cues and between eating (experience) quality and credence quality. Based on these distinctions, the economics of regulating cues is developed. The theoretical considerations are illustrated by the results of a consumer survey in several Member States of the European Union. In this survey, the extrinsic and intrinsic cues, the experience and credence quality attributes for fresh meat are evaluated by European consumers. In particular, information is presented on the helpfulness of cues for predicting eating and credence quality. The research clearly shows that the importance of the extrinsic cue "country of origin" as judged by consumers varies considerably between EU Member States and between the different meats. Furthermore, "country of origin" is regarded by consumers both, as a cue for eating quality and as a cue for food safety. Further analysis shows that those consumers claiming to be able to predict eating quality of meat from inspection in the shop are relying more on intrinsic cues, like "colour'; while the ''non-experts" seem to rely more on extrinsic cues and here in particular on "country of origin" and "place of purchase''. The theoretical framework is employed to discuss the efforts of the EU to support "country of origin" claims. Not only the PDO and PG/ are efforts in this direction, but the beef traceability and labelling regulation has to be added here. In particular the "country of origin" claims are discussed on the background of the aim of the Common Market to remove non-tariff barriers to trade between Member States.

Burning the Books: A History of Knowledge Under Attack

The acceptance of new arrivals has become an important topic regarding the social cohesion of the receiving countries. However, previous studies focused only on the native population's drivers of attitudes towards immigrants, disregarding that immigrant-origin inhabitants now form a considerable part of the population. To test whether the drivers for the willingness to support immigrants are the same for natives and immigrants and their descendants, we rely on a vignette study conducted in a representative German online panel (N=3149) which contains an overrepresentation of immigrant-origin respondents. We presented participants with three vignettes of potential immigrants, varying, amongst other factors, economic prospects, safe and war-ridden countries of origin (to capture deservingness), as well as religious identity. While we find that minority members are generally slightly more welcoming towards immigrants than majority members, at their core are the same factors that drive attitudes to immigrants in both groups: economic cost, cultural similarity, and deservingness. However, we observe differences at the margins: Immigrant-origin respondents take into account economic prospects to a lesser degree than majority members do, and by trend, they are less likely to distinguish between immigrants from war-ridden and safe countries of origin. Furthermore, we can show that the preference for immigrants with the same religious identities not only occurs among majority members but also among minority members.

Objectives. There is disagreement in the literature on immigration attitudes regarding the relative importance of ethnic stereotypes and more general cultural and economic concerns about increasing immigration in the formation of those attitudes. We argue that the impact of stereotypes relative to these other factors may have been underestimated for a variety of reasons.Methods. We test the impact of stereotypes on immigration preferences in data from the Multi‐Ethnic Module of the 2000 General Social Survey. Because the dependent variables analyzed herein are ordinal, we estimate ordered logistic regressions that correct for diagnosed hetereoskedacticity.Results. Statistical analyses confirm that negative stereotypes are a significantly larger predictor of ethnicity‐specific immigration preferences relative to general attitudes about immigration. Intervening variables analyses also suggest that the impact of stereotypes has been underestimated relative to cultural and economic anxieties because these variables significantly mediate its observed impact.Conclusions. The results suggest that ethnic stereotypes are significantly more important in determining immigration preferences among Americans than has been reported in previous research.

Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are major health problems in most ethnic minority and migrant populations living in high income countries. By the same token, CVD is a looming threat that is creating a double burden in most of the countries where these populations originate from. The causes of the rising burden are unclear, but they are likely to be multifaceted. Traditionally, ethnicity and health research have mostly concentrated on comparing the health of ethnic minority groups with the majority populations of the countries in which they live. This is an important area of research which illuminates ethnic inequalities in health. However, a few studies on international comparisons show that a lot can be learned from comparing similar ethnic groups living in different industrialised countries. Equally, comparing ethnic minority and migrant populations to similar populations in their countries of origin will generate new knowledge about factors that predispose them to poor health outcomes. Thus, to make progress in the field of ethnicity and health research, we need a new conceptual framework that simultaneously studies migrant/ethnic groups in the country of settlement, in similar countries of settlement, and in the countries of ancestral origin. Such studies need to go beyond the commonest design of cross-sectional studies to include more cohort studies, interventions and linkage studies. This article discusses (1) the burden of CVD in ethnic minority and migrant populations; (2) approaches to understanding predisposing factors; and (3) application of the results to give insight into the potential threats that their countries of origin are likely to face.

Consumption, Wellness, and the Far Right

This article studies the immigrants’ attitude towards immigration with special emphasis on the transition from the first to the second and the 1.5 generations. We use European Social Survey (ESS) data for the 2002-2020 period, which include many questions that allowed us to estimate the preferences of immigrants on economic, social and cultural consequences of immigration. As general evidence, we find that immigrants of all the considered generations show more favor to immigration than natives. Besides, our results reveal that the gap with the natives shows a remarkable degree of persistence through generations for many of the indicators we analyzed. We also observe that the opinions of individuals who immigrated during childhood (generation 1.5) look not different from second-generation immigrants. For what concerns the main determinants of the support of immigrants for immigration, our results suggest that citizenship and age have a negative impact, whereas religiosity, education level and the feeling of being discriminated have a positive one. These results are generally consistent with the previous literature. Finally, ESS data allowed us to investigate an effect of intergenerational ongoing migration. We considered migrants born to fathers who were first generation migrants. These individuals are second generation in the origin country, and first generation in the destination country. Their favor for further inflows of migrants is still higher compared to the natives of destination countries, but lower compared to migrants of the same origin who were not born to immigrant fathers.

We estimated crime rates among 70 origin-based immigrant groups in the Netherlands for the years 2005-2018. Results indicated that crime rates have overall been falling for each group in the period of study, and in the country as a whole, with about a 50% decline since 2005. Immigrant groups varied widely in crime rates, with East Asian countries being lower and Muslim countries, as well as Dutch (ex-)colonial possessions in the Caribbean, being higher than the natives. We found that national IQ and Muslim percentage of population of the origin countries predicted relative differences in crime rates, r’s = .64 and .45, respectively, in line with previous research both in the Netherlands and in other European countries. Furthermore, we carried out a survey of 200 persons living in the Netherlands to measure their preferences for immigrants for each origin country in terms of getting more or fewer persons from each country. Following Carl (2016), we computed a mean opposition metric for each country. This correlated strongly with actual crime rates we found, r’s = .46 and .57, for population weighted and unweighted results, respectively. The main outliers in the regression were the Dutch (ex-)colonial possessions, and if these are excluded, the correlations increase to .68 and .66, respectively. Regressions with plausible confounders (Muslim percentage, geographical fixed effects) showed that crime rates continued to be a useful predictor of opposition to specific countries. The results were interpreted as being in line with a rational voter preference for less crime-prone immigrants.

Corporate powers are proposing mega mergers in almost every sector of agriculture. This essay explores how President Trump can keep his campaign promises to protect rural voters by strengthening the weakening enforcement of antitrust doctrines; specifically through the Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration (GIPSA) and reinstating the Country of Origin Labeling (CoOL) of meat products.