Abstract
Many multiphase flow lines are prone to hydrate formation unless prevention methods are put in place. Chemical management of hydrate formation is traditionally done with thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors but in the last 25 years low dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs) have been developed which can offer economic, environmental and other benefits. LDHIs are divided into two main categories, kinetic inhibitors (KHIs) and anti-agglomerants (AAs), both of which are successfully being used in field applications. This paper briefly reviews the hydrate management tools available to the operator. Then the review focuses on LDHIs, their structure-performance relationships and the various classes that have been designed and tested. The environmental challenges of both AAs and KHIs are also discussed.
Highlights
Natural gas hydrates are ice-like solids made of natural gas molecules inside the cages of a clathrate water lattice [1, 2]
Chemical management of hydrate formation is traditionally done with thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors but in the last 25 years low dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs) have been developed which can offer economic, environmental and other benefits
LDHIs are divided into two main categories, kinetic inhibitors (KHIs) and anti-agglomerants (AAs), both of which are successfully being used in field applications
Summary
Natural gas hydrates are ice-like solids made of natural gas molecules inside the cages of a clathrate water lattice [1, 2]. Gas hydrate structures I and II are known to be formed in pipelines, with structure I being formed from very methane-rich natural gas and structure II from natural gas mixtures (Figure 1). Pipeline blockage due to gas hydrate formation is the number one problem to overcome in transporting oil, gas and water mixtures in cold and/or deep water subsea flow lines (Figure 2).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
