Abstract
Improving the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries is beneficial to the convenience of electric vehicle application. The high-rate charging, however, leads to lithium inventory loss, mechanical effects and even thermal runaway. Therefore, the optimal charging algorithm of Li-ion batteries should achieve the shortest charging interval with minimal degradation. This paper thoroughly reviews the recent progress on fast charging in terms of material chemistry, thermal issues and charging optimization. Specifically, the microscale mechanisms that limit rate capability are explored and methods for material modification are addressed in detail. To improves the operation safety and battery lifespan at wider temperature ranges, side reactions induced by charging at extreme temperatures are analyzed and solutions are discussed. Preheating at low temperatures is highlighted especially. Furthermore, charging optimization based on local volume expansion, battery model and big data is summarized. Finally, challenges and promising directions as possible inspirations for future research towards fast charging are proposed.
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