Challenges and Initiatives to Operationalize the Planetary Boundaries for Novel Entities.

The objective of this qualitative descriptive study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) cycle in enhancing the quality of entrepreneurship education, or "edupreneurship," within universities, with a focus on Tangerang Raya University. This research engaged key stakeholders from the university, including the Vice-Rector for Academic and Student Affairs, deans and vice deans of the Faculty of Economics, Business and Humanities, the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, and the Faculty of Engineering, as well as coordinators of study programs and students participating in edupreneurship initiatives. The findings indicate that the PDCA cycle significantly contributes to the improvement of edupreneurship quality and achievements at Tangerang Raya University. By facilitating the identification of weaknesses, the PDCA cycle enables continuous enhancements in the entrepreneurial education process. Despite its effectiveness, the implementation of the PDCA cycle in edupreneur programs encounters several challenges. These include constraints such as limited resources (budgets, teaching staff, and facilities), implementation hurdles, varying levels of engagement among members, shifting priorities, challenges in identifying opportunities, time limitations, difficulties in impact assessment, collaboration challenges, member turnover, and environmental uncertainties.This study underscores the PDCA cycle's potential in fostering edupreneurship within universities. However, it also highlights the necessity for addressing the aforementioned obstacles to fully leverage the PDCA cycle's capabilities in enhancing the quality of edupreneurship education. Addressing these challenges is essential for the sustained success and effectiveness of edupreneur programs driven by the PDCA quality management cycle.

Objective To explore the effect of using the PDCA (plan, do, check, action) cycle theory in biobank information management system. Methods On the basis of PDCA cycle theory, quantity data of stored specimens in Biobank of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from 2015 to 2017 was obtained. The integrity of clinical information acquisition and the change of response time of the functional modules were analyzed. Results Compared with pre-execution PDCA, the implementation of PDCA increased the storage samples from 3485 to 22 241 (5118 liver cancer samples, 6343 lung cancer samples, 2870 prostate cancer samples, 4294 pancreatic cancer samples, 3616 gastrointestinal carcinoma samples). Clinical information, admission information, surgical information, inspection information, pathological information, image information and follow-up information had been collected normalization and integrity. Response time of each function module was significantly shortened: the time for all sample retrieval function reduced from 17 s to 2 s, the time for all the patients search function reduced from 7 s to 0.5 s. The time for questionnaire management, container management and follow-up management response is also shorten greatly (form 5 s to 0.3 s, 4 s to 0.5 s and 8 s to 0.2 s, respectively). Conclusion The application of PDCA cycle theory in biobank management information system can improve the normative and integrity of clinical information collection, it can also reduce the response time of the function modules. Key words: Biobank; Information system; Plan do check action cycle

Abstract. In 2009, a group of prominent Earth scientists introduced the planetary boundaries (PB) framework: they suggested nine global control variables, and defined corresponding thresholds which, if crossed, could generate unacceptable environmental change. The concept builds on systems theory, and views Earth as a complex adaptive system in which anthropogenic disturbances may trigger non-linear, abrupt, and irreversible changes at the global scale, and push the Earth system outside the stable environmental state of the Holocene. While the idea has been remarkably successful in both science and policy circles, it has also raised fundamental concerns, as the majority of suggested processes and their corresponding planetary boundaries do not operate at the global scale, and thus apparently lack the potential to trigger abrupt planetary changes. This paper picks up the debate with specific regard to the planetary boundary on global freshwater use. While the bio-physical impacts of excessive water consumption are typically confined to the river basin scale, the PB proponents argue that water-induced environmental disasters could build up to planetary-scale feedbacks and system failures. So far, however, no evidence has been presented to corroborate that hypothesis. Furthermore, no coherent approach has been presented to what extent a planetary threshold value could reflect the risk of regional environmental disaster. To be sure, the PB framework was revised in 2015, extending the planetary freshwater boundary with a set of basin-level boundaries inferred from environmental water flow assumptions. Yet, no new evidence was presented, either with respect to the ability of those basin-level boundaries to reflect the risk of regional regime shifts or with respect to a potential mechanism linking river basins to the planetary scale. So while the idea of a planetary boundary on freshwater use appears intriguing, the line of arguments presented so far remains speculative and implicatory. As long as Earth system science does not present compelling evidence, the exercise of assigning actual numbers to such a boundary is arbitrary, premature, and misleading. Taken as a basis for water-related policy and management decisions, though, the idea transforms from misleading to dangerous, as it implies that we can globally offset water-related environmental impacts. A planetary boundary on freshwater use should thus be disapproved and actively refuted by the hydrological and water resources community.

The industry's development increasingly makes businesses competitive by increasing technical knowledge and improving systems, both internally and externally. The PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) cycle is a quality management system used as a continuous improvement tool widely used in industries. The PDCA is a continuous improvement tool that is widely used in industries. The PDCA cycle begins with small to check possible effects on systems and eventually progresses to larger and more specific improvements. The implementation of the PDCA method results in solving the problems of qualitative and quantitative data problems that have been widely applied in industries for continuous improvement and as a work pattern in improving a process or system in an organization and increasing productivity. The methodology used in this research is the literature review research paper was published in 2010-2020. The literature review describes the relationship between thinking and gaps in theoretical and practical thinking about applying the PDCA method and the successful implementation in industries as a contribution to further research.

To explore the application effect of plan, do, check, action (PDCA) cycle on nursing quality management and risk control in digestive endoscope room. Ninety patients who received digestive endoscopy care before undergoing PDCA circulation mode risk control from January 2022 to April 2022 were selected as the Common group. From May 2022 to December 2022, 156 patients who underwent digestive endoscopy care after undergoing PDCA cycle mode risk control were selected as the PDCA group. Compare the infection status of patients in the endoscope room and the qualification of the air in the endoscope room before and after PDCA circulation management. Compare the respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and nursing satisfaction of patients in the Common group and the PDCA group. Compare the qualified rate of endoscopic cavity disinfection before and after PDCA cycle management, the qualified rate of endoscopic external disinfection, and the management score. Four patients in the Common group developed infection, with an infection rate of 4.44%. One case of infection occurred in the PDCA group, with an infection rate of 0.64%. The qualified rate of the endoscope room air in the Common group was 92.22%, while the qualified rate of the endoscope room air in the PDCA group was 98.72%. Compared with the Common group, the infection rate of patients in the PDCA group significantly decreased, and the qualified rate of air in the endoscope room significantly increased. The respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, nursing errors, and nursing complaint rates of patients in the PDCA group were significantly lower than those in the Common group, and nursing satisfaction was significantly higher than those in the Common group. The qualified rate of endoscopic cavity disinfection and endoscopic external disinfection in the PDCA group were significantly higher than those in the Common group. Compared with before management, the scores of post management, nursing safety, disinfection and isolation, instruments, theoretical tests, and operational tests of nursing personnel after management increased significantly. The PDCA cycle is well applied in nursing quality management and risk control in the digestive endoscope room.

To date, statues and trajectories of planetary boundaries have mostly been investigated separately, without fully quantifying if and to what extent transgression of one or more boundaries affects the status of respective others. To address this research gap, we have configured the state-of-the-art LPJmL Dynamic Global Vegetation Model so as to represent the terrestrial planetary boundaries (for land-system change, biosphere integrity, freshwater change, and biogeochemical/nitrogen flows) in an internally consistent, process-based framework. As the model simulates these boundaries’ underlying processes and control variables in a spatially explicit and dynamic manner, and as it also accounts for effects of climate change (a fifth planetary boundary considered through external forcing), it enables systematic studies of interactive effects among any of the five boundaries considered. In a scenario study focused on here, we employed the model to systematically quantify the effects of different transgression levels of the climate change boundary (using gridded climate output from ten CMIP6 models for distinct atmospheric CO2 levels from 350 ppm to 1000 ppm) upon the land-system change boundary (areal extent of temperate, boreal and tropical forest biomes). Changes are analysed both by the end of this century and, to account for long-term legacy effects, by the end of the millennium, respectively. The simulations indicate that staying within the 350 ppm climate change boundary would stabilize the land-system change boundary, not inducing notable expansions or contractions of forest biome extent (on top of the historical shifts that have been brought about by anthropogenic deforestation). However, transgressing the climate change boundary beyond its zone of increasing risk (>450 ppm) is simulated to lead to increasingly substantial forest biome shifts, the higher the ppm level rises and the more time passes. Specifically, this involves a poleward tree-line shift, boreal forest dieback, expansion of temperate forest into today’s boreal zone, and a slight tropical forest expansion. We furthermore find that these one-way interactions imply changes of the status of other planetary boundaries as well, as shifts in their control variables (e.g. large soil moisture and runoff anomalies) are simulated for the very areas where the forest biome shifts occur. Moreover, the vegetation changes are likely to provide feedback to the climate change boundary itself. In additional simulations (making use of a planetary boundary simulation package linked to the LPJmL model), we investigate the historical evolution of the terrestrial planetary boundaries’ statuses during the past century. This examination suggests that the timing and spatial location of transgressions differs strongly among boundaries, with multiple boundaries crossed in the late 20th century, and transgression of the climate change boundary gaining increasing impact. Possible cascading and compound effects of these simultaneous transgressions, and particularly their likely aggravation in the future, require comprehensive analyses in further studies.

Ambitious climate change mitigation in all economic sectors is crucial for limiting global warming. Cost-effective mitigation pathways to keep global average temperature increases below 1·5°C by the end of the 21st century often rely on land-based greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, increased land-based carbon uptake and biomass supply to other sectors (eg, energy and transport), and demand-side changes in the food system. To evaluate the broader sustainability of land-based climate change mitigation action, we evaluated synergies and trade-offs of individual and combined supply-side mitigation measures across five planetary boundaries. We also examined the role of a food demand transformation aligned with the dietary recommendations of the updated planetary health diet defined in the forthcoming EAT-Lancet Commission 2.0 report in shaping planetary boundary outcomes. In this modelling study, we used the dynamic land-system modelling framework MAgPIE to assess the consequences of land-based GHG reductions, increased land-based carbon uptake, increased biomass supply to other sectors, and a food-system transformation towards the planetary health diet including food waste reductions on five planetary boundary domains (climate change, nitrogen, land-system change, freshwater use, and biosphere integrity) relative to a reference scenario without land-system mitigation throughout the century. For each planetary boundary control variable, we calculated the level of planetary boundary transgression (ie, the extent to which scenario outcomes exceeded the defined safe operating space) and assessed the contributions of land-based mitigation strategies to reducing planetary boundary transgressions projected for the reference scenario. Our projections show that a food-system transformation together with ambitious land-system and energy-system climate change mitigation can limit global warming to below 1·5°C by 2100, while also reducing planetary boundary transgression (particularly for the climate change, land-system change, biosphere integrity, and nitrogen planetary boundaries). However, a safe operating space was not achieved through these mitigation measures, as most planetary boundaries were still projected to remain transgressed by the end of the 21st century. Increased bioenergy supply alone worsened planetary boundary transgression when only looking at land-system impacts, but combining increased bioenergy supply with GHG pricing in the land system alleviated these trade-offs. Food waste reductions and dietary shifts towards the planetary health diet were projected to ease pressures on the land system and reduce planetary boundary transgression of all assessed planetary boundaries. This research highlights the importance of considering multiple planetary boundaries and the interactions between various mitigation strategies when assessing climate mitigation action in the land system to avoid negative consequences for other aspects of the environment. Following an ambitious climate change mitigation pathway compatible with the Paris Agreement results in a transgression of all assessed five planetary boundaries by 2100. However, the combination of the land-system mitigation measures included in this study produced a substantial shift towards the safe operating space for humanity. EAT-Lancet Commission 2.0.

The planetary boundaries (PBs) framework defines a "safe operating space" based on nine key Earth system processes. Out of these, four are terrestrial and their primary driver of transgression is agriculture. To better understand how agricultural activities might further influence the terrestrial PBs, it is essential to model their drivers and interactions over time. A helpful tool for studying complex dynamic relationships like these are World-Earth models, in particular FRIDA because of its aim to provide an internally consistent representation of many societal and Earth system processes. In this study, we included within FRIDA the PBs for: biosphere integrity, land system change, freshwater use, biogeochemical flows and climate change. This allows us to quantify their temporal trajectories, identify drivers of their transgression, and explore their main interactions. In total, seven different PB control variables are implemented across the five PBs studied, using both directly related variables in FRIDA and proxies related to the calculations using assumed relationships based on literature. By running the FRIDA model in a scenario governed by endogenous model behaviour, the PB quantifications are validated against values documented in the literature. Since FRIDA is still under active development, this study should be seen as a first effort to integrate PB status quantification and analysis into such a model.The results show strong agreement with independent, earlier, estimates of PB trajectories and in particular whether the PB’s control variables are in the safe operating space, the zone of increasing risk or the high risk zone. However, some notable differences still occur, which may be attributed to the proxies developed to account for some relevant processes not currently represented in FRIDA. We also explore the role of certain drivers of (single or joint) PB transgressions centred around agriculture and associated societal processes and behaviours such as diet. As a part of this, we illustrate that an unambiguous attribution of PB transgressions to any given driver is challenging given that the coupling of drivers leads to non-linear and dynamically evolving feedback processes. Overall, we demonstrate the general suitability of the FRIDA model for simulating PB trajectories, their drivers and interactions. For future studies potentially using the model to inform decision-making, we recommend implementing all PB control variables, if possible in a more spatially explicit manner and without the aforementioned proxies.

Kaizen is a concept of continuous improvement that emphasizes quality enhancement and efficiency in production processes. In this study, the Kaizen approach was applied to address dimensional defects in the welding process of the Fender D155A-6R component at PT. Arkha Jayanti Persada. The component, which was previously imported from Japan, is currently being tested through local production trials. Initial inspection indicated that 11 of 33 measurement points were out of tolerance, most of which were linked to welding activities. To analyze the problem, the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) cycle was employed. The investigation revealed several contributing factors: the absence of a locator to secure parts during welding, insufficient reinforcement that caused deformation, and the lack of a standardized welding procedure for operators. Corrective measures were then introduced, including the installation of a locator, additional reinforcements, and the establishment of a formal welding procedure. After two PDCA cycles, the dimensional issues were successfully resolved. The findings indicate that applying Kaizen through PDCA led to significant improvements in dimensional accuracy and product quality.

PDCA cycle theory based avoidance of nursing staff intravenous drug bacterial infection using degree quantitative evaluation model

This paper investigates the management of students’ English learning assessment at high schools through the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) cycle. The sampling for the study includes 418 educators and 1829 students randomly taken from 10 out of 38 high schools in Tien Giang province, Vietnam. The study also exploites mixed methods to collect quantitative data through questionnaires and qualitative ones through in-depth interviews on ten school leaders and teachers. The results reveal that Cronbach’s alpha of items was greater than 0.7. Remarkably, a majority of participants expressed their positive attitudes on employing the PDCA cycle in three stages of managing English learning assessment. The findings indicate that the PDCA cycle can contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of managing English learning assessment through four steps of planning, doing, checking and acting in each stage. The study also suggests employing the PDCA cycle in managing the English learning assessment at high schools in Mekong Delta, Vietnam for the further research.

Establishing the planetary boundaries framework in the sustainability reporting of ICT companies – A proposal for proxy indicators

Challenges in implementing a Planetary Boundaries based Life-Cycle Impact Assessment methodology

Development of a life-cycle impact assessment methodology linked to the Planetary Boundaries framework

The 59th LCA forum was held on 12 June, 2015 to discuss the situation with regard to national environmental footprints and their relation to planetary boundaries and to the global carrying capacity. This conference report presents the highlights of the LCA forum. Several approaches of how to quantify a safe operating space of the Earth were presented, such as the planetary boundary concept published by Rockstrom et al. (Nature 462:472–475, 2009) and the ecological footprint (Bastianoni et al. 2013). Several presenters showed how they transformed environmental planetary boundaries to national and per capita allowances. In a research project funded by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment safe and unsafe areas were determined by combining the level of overshoot, the level of confidence in the information and the trend in the environmental load. The areas of climate change, biodiversity losses and nitrogen losses show a large overshoot on a global level but also from the point of view of Swiss consumption. Other organizations use the planetary boundary concept to identify companies which qualify for environmentally sustainable funds. Finally, life cycle impact assessment methods are being developed using the planetary boundary concept. The weighting step is based on the level of overshoot, which is close to “distance to target” approaches. It was discussed that the nine planetary boundaries face some consistency and operationalisation problems. For instance, land use changes cause biodiversity losses, which is a planetary boundary parameter in its own. Chemical pollution on the other hand is a general topic, for which a quantification approach has to be developed first (load as well as its planetary boundary). The discussion forum showed that individual countries and political entities like the European Union start monitoring their consumption based environmental footprint. Within this context, approaches and concepts are needed to define the environmentally safe operating space. The LCA forum showed that there is still basic research needed to reliably and consistently quantify relevant planetary boundaries (avoiding overlapping indicators) and to transfer these boundaries to per capita allowances.