Abstract
For the success of hypersonic vehicles, their shape must be optimized to achieve a high lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) as well as a low aerodynamic heating rate in the hypersonic regime. In addition, the transonic L/D must also be optimized to realize quick acceleration to the hypersonic cruise speed. As the first step, we conducted a three-dimensional shape study in which the CFD (Euler analysis)-based optimization is made only for two-dimensional airfoil shape of the outer wing and determined the initial shape for a fully three-dimensional shape optimization. An airfoil optimization study was done considering the hypersonic lift-to-drag ratio (l/d), transonic l/d and the leading edge heating. The hypersonic l/d of the airfoil is improved from 4.4 to 5.1 with the leading edge temperature kept at 1200K, while the transonic l/d is decreased from 51 to 45. Based on the results of the two-dimensional airfoil optimization, the initial shape for a fully three-dimensional shape optimization is obtained. The three-dimensional Euler analysis shows that the aerodynamic performance is improved though only the two-dimensional optimization is done for the outer wing.
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