Abstract
Surface waves are produced by hammer impact on the rim of a railroad wheel. They travel around the wheel tread making one complete traverse of the circumference every millisecond. If a receiver is located close to the impact point the signal shows a series of arrivals at millisecond intervals. If a crack is present in the surface, there will be an extra impulse received in the first millisecond interval. Both contacting accelerometers and noncontacting microphones can be used to detect the signals. If the signals are digitized and processed in time, frequency, and quefrency domains, the presence of the crack can be seen most clearly by liftering the cepstrum to remove all but the initial reflection from the crack.
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