Abstract
Central courtyards are primary components of vernacular architecture in Iran. The directions, dimensions, ratios, and other characteristics of central courtyards are critical for studying historical passive cooling and heating solutions. Several studies on central courtyards have compared their features in different cities and climatic zones in Iran. In this study, deep learning methods for object detection and image segmentation are applied to aerial images, to extract the features of central courtyards. The case study explores aerial images of nine historical cities in Bsk, Bsh, Bwk, and Bwh Köppen climate zones. Furthermore, these features were gathered in an extensive dataset, with 26,437 samples and 76 geometric and climatic features. Additionally, the data analysis methods reveal significant correlations between various features, such as the length and width of courtyards. In all cities, the correlation coefficient between these two characteristics is approximately +0.88. Numerous mathematical equations are generated for each city and climate zone by fitting the linear regression model to these data in different cities and climate zones. These equations can be used as proposed design models to assist designers and researchers in predicting and locating the best courtyard houses in Iran’s historical regions.
Highlights
The procedure begins with extremely high-resolution aerial images and concludes with a wide assortment of approximately
The design model’s purpose is to determine the optimal direction and dimension of a central courtyard in these cities or to forecast the shape of a destroyed central courtyard in the historical region of the cities represented in the datasets
The results reveal a strong correlation between the length and width of central courtyards in all cities, indicating a distinct pattern in the design of central courtyard houses throughout Iran’s history
Summary
Vernacular architecture, which has developed throughout time, uses a variety of novel techniques and technologies to address a variety of contextual requirements in order to improve sustainability [1,2] and urban identity [3]. Historic and vernacular architecture as an attraction of cities [4], it can help the economic prosperity [5]. Iran’s vernacular architecture has perfected the skill of context adaptation by developing distinct structures in the country’s many areas. Despite their fundamental differences, vernacular designs of these regions have a common philosophical underpinning: sustained contextual adaptability [6,7]. The house’s cooling and heating systems are primarily passive [10] in regard to fulfilling varying demands [11], which results in varying architectural approaches in vernacular structures
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