Abstract
Abstract Context.—Endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPTs) are rare lesions with varying biological behavior. Establishing malignancy is a challenge for clinicians and pathologists. Objective.—To establish the role of proliferative, apoptotic, angiogenic, and hormonal markers as predictors of malignancy in EPTs. Design.—Paraffin-embedded EPT samples were studied for prognostic markers. Patients.—Twenty-one consecutive patients with a diagnosis of EPT. Main Outcome Measures.—The proliferative fraction (topoisomerase IIα), microvascular density (CD34), vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) expression were studied by immunohistochemistry on all EPTs. Apoptosis was also assessed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling. Results.—We identified 13 benign and 8 malignant tumors. Topoisomerase IIα was significantly increased in malignant tumors (P = .001), while there were no differences in apoptosis, microvascular density, or vascular endothelial growth fac...
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