Abstract
The placenta expressed transcript 1 (PLET1) gene, which is expressed in placentas of pigs and mice, has been found to have a potential role in trophoblast cell fate decision in mice. Results of this study showed that the porcine PLET1 mRNA and protein were expressed exclusively in trophoblast cells on Days 15, 26, 50, and 95 of gestation (gestation length in the pig is 114 days), indicating that the PLET1 could be a useful marker for porcine trophoblast cells. Additionally, PLET1 protein was found to be redistributed from cytoplasm to the apical side of trophoblast cells as gestation progresses, which suggests a role of PLET1 in the establishment of a stable trophoblast and endometrial epithelial layers. In addition, two transcripts that differ in the 3′ UTR length but encode identical protein were identified to be generated by the alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA), and the expression of PLET1-L transcript was significantly upregulated in porcine placentas as gestation progresses. Furthermore, we demonstrated the interaction between the miR-365-3p and PLET1 gene using luciferase assay system. Our findings imply an important role of PLET1 in the placental development in pigs.
Highlights
The placenta is a transiently developed organ that facilitates maternal-fetal exchange of nutrient and gas, and serves as a barrier to protect the fetus from the maternal immune system
placenta expressed transcript 1 (PLET1) Gene Was Uniquely Expressed by Trophoblast Cells throughout Pig Placenta Development Previous study showed that pig PLET1 is highly expressed in pig placenta [28]
We demonstrated that the expression of PLET1 mRNA and protein is restricted to the trophoblast cells in porcine placenta before (Day 15 of gestation) and after (Days 26, 50, and 95 of gestation) the establishment and development of the epitheliochorial placenta
Summary
The placenta is a transiently developed organ that facilitates maternal-fetal exchange of nutrient and gas, and serves as a barrier to protect the fetus from the maternal immune system. It is essential to maintain normal placental structure and function during pregnancy for fetal development and growth. Placenta-extensive or specific expressed genes have been proven to play important roles in regulating placenta development, and a number of those genes have been identified in humans and mice [1]. Plac (Placenta-specific protein 1) is an X-linked gene, and its expression is primarily in the differentiated trophoblast cells. It was demonstrated that Plac is essential for normal placental development by regulating the trophoblast invasion and migration [3]. The transcription factor Gcm (glial cells missing-1), whose expression is mainly in trophoblast cells, is a key regulator of chorioallantoic branching morphogenesis during placental development [4]. In addition to the discovery of a trophoblast-specific SN1/38 antigen in pigs [5,6], the number of identified genes that are or highly expressed in pig placenta is rare
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