Abstract
ABSTRACT The deflection of columnar grains grown under melt flow is characteristic of the alloy solidification structure and strongly influences the performance of products. Here, a model of grain growth in melt flow was established with the cellular automaton (CA) method. After validation by comparison to an analytical model, the model was used to investigate the deflection of columnar grains in high-carbon steel. The deflection angle of columnar grains increases with the flow velocity and decreases with the melt undercooling. At the flow velocity of 0.10 m s–1 and the melt undercooling of 2°C, a maximum deflection angle of 18.2° is achieved. The deflection angles predicted by the model agree well with the empirical values. The melt flow was found to promote the grains with a preferred growth orientation towards the upstream direction over others. This flow-influenced selection mechanism is a key reason for the deflection of columnar grains.
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