Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, continues to carry a dismal prognosis for children diagnosed with advanced stage or relapsed disease. This review focuses upon factors responsible for cell proliferation in neuroblastoma including transcription factors, kinases, and regulators of the cell cycle. Novel therapeutic strategies directed toward these targets in neuroblastoma are discussed.
Highlights
NeuroblastomaNeuroblastoma, a tumor of neural crest origin, is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, accounting for 7% of childhood malignancies and 15% of childhood cancer mortality [1,2]
This review will discuss some of the common cell proliferation proteins and pathways involved in neuroblastoma, including transcription factors, kinases, and regulators of the cell cycle
Upon addition of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a growth factor and ligand for RET that neuroblastoma cells secrete, cell proliferation was stimulated in non-adherent neuroblastoma cells but not in adherent cells. These findings indicated that RET/GDNF played a role in cell proliferation in neuroblastoma [95]
Summary
Neuroblastoma, a tumor of neural crest origin, is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, accounting for 7% of childhood malignancies and 15% of childhood cancer mortality [1,2]. More than 50% of these tumors occur in children less than 2 years of age. The incidence of neuroblastoma has increased in recent years and it continues to carry a poor prognosis in children over two years of age with a survival of only 38% [3,4]. Overall 5-year survival was 74% from 1999–2005 [5]. Neuroblastoma exhibits a wide array of biological characteristics and behaviors, which are important in predicting outcomes
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