Cell Proliferation and Cell Death (Apoptosis) in Adjacent Sections of White and African Americans Analyzed in Relation to the Gleason Histological Scores, Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescence

Abstract

Introduction: Our objective was to determine whether prostate cancer (PC) grew similarly or differently in White Americans (WA) and African Americans (AA) and race-specific treatment will improve survival of each race as indicated by analysis of data in relation to Gleason histological scores. We hypothesize that cell proliferation and/or apoptosis can occur differentially in the two races. Differential diagnosis can be followed by hormonal, focused beam radiation and/or chemotherapy treatments. Since more AA men die with PC than WA, we expect that Gleason l score-based diagnosis and treatments would improve survival of PC patients. Materials and Methods: We studied 55 WA and 20 AA prostectomy specimens for localization of cell proliferation and cell death markers by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques. Briefly, formalin fixed, and paraffin-embedded and/or frozen tissues were used in localization of markers. Localization of black and white and coloured images were obtained directly from slides to a Zeiss microscope equipped with a digital Nikon camera. Results: We found that cell proliferation increased in Gleason scores 5 and 7 of white patients and score 6 and 7 of African Americans. Our data indicates need for aggressive treatments in these scores. Our study is supported by three tables, statistics, graphs, histological, Immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence figures. Discussion: This is the first study to suggest that PC grows differently in WA and AA and race-specific diagnosis and treatment is expected to improve survival of PC patients using hormonal, radiation and/or chemotherapy treatments. The Author (AAS) had numerous discussions with Urologists, Pathologists, and scientists on the treatments of PC indicate. He has concluded that prostatectomy ought to be followed by focused beam radiation to prostatic fossa and adjacent areas to cure PC. Chemotherapy drugs circulate from head to toe in the body and often do not reach required concentration at cancer sites to kill malignant cells.