Abstract
AbstractWhen an experimentalist or a biological mechanism applies an external force onto a cell chemically sticking to its substrate, a reacting "suction" force, due to the slow penetration of the surrounding fluid between the cell and the substrate, opposes to the dissociation. This force can overcome other known adhesive forces when the process is sufficiently violent (typically 10^5^ pN). Its maximal contribution to the total adhesive energy of the cell can then be estimated to 2 10^-3^ J/m2. The physical origin of this effect is quite simple, and it may be compared with that leaning a "suction-cup" against a bathroom wall. We address the consequences of this effect on (i) the separation energy, (ii) the motion of the fluid surrounding the cell, more especially, on the pumping of the fluid by moving cells, and (iii) the inhibition of cell motion.
Highlights
Cell adhesion is fundamental in biology 1
Cell division, cell differentiation, cell migration, infections, leucocytes/endothelium interaction, and colonization by the cells of a primitive cancerous tumor are partially regulated by the presence of sticky links between cells and their environment
It has been shown that the adhesion energy is approximately equal10 to 10-4J/m2 and the sticky-force strength for a bond 7 increases between 1pN and 200pN when the loading rate varies from 0.1pN/sec to 60000pN/sec
Summary
Cell adhesion is fundamental in biology 1. An important stage for understanding these interactions has been investigated by Bell 2 in 1978 when he described their dissociation kinetics His results have stimulated a number of works on link properties and cell/substrate dissociation dynamics 3-10. A powerful way for understanding sticky effects consists in studying the reaction of a cell to an external separating force 3, 6. In these conditions, it has been shown that the adhesion energy (separation energy when the extraction velocity is zero) is approximately equal to 10-4J/m2 and the sticky-force strength for a bond 7 increases between 1pN and 200pN when the loading rate varies from 0.1pN/sec to 60000pN/sec. The survival time for bond between ligand and receptor decreases between 60sec. and 10-3sec
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