CD14 Gene Variants and Susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastropathies in Iraqi Patients

This study was conducted in the poultry field, Animal Production Department, College of Agriculture and Marshes, University of Thi-Qar, from 10/11/2021 to 3/2/2022, the period included field and laboratory stud. A total of 100, one day broilers Ross 308 were used. Laboratory analyzes were carried out in the laboratories of the Marshes Research Center, University of Thi-Qar and the laboratories of the College of Agriculture and Marshes, University of Thi-Qar. Three genotypes CC, CT and TT were identified whose frequency was 0.52, 0.34 and 0.14 respectively and the frequency of the C allele was 0.69 and the frequency of the T allele was 0.31. There were significant differences on Water Holding Capacity (WHC) among the genotypes, the CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT genotypes. As for the thawing and cooking loss, there were no significant differences between the genotypes. A significant differences on pH values among the genotypes, the CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT genotypes. Significant differences in flavor between genotypes, the CC genotype was superior to the CT genotype, and the CT genotype was superior to the TT genotype. Highly significant differences in tenderness, the CC genotype was superior to the TT genotype, while the CT genotype did not differ significantly from the CC and TT genotypes. Highly significant differences between the genotypes in juiciness, the CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT genotypes. No significant differences in color and general acceptable.

Multidrug Resistance Gene (MDR1) C3435T Polymorphism and Imatinib Response in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Background: Allergen-reactive Th2-like cells expressing membrane CD30 are present in the circulation of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients during seasonal allergen exposure. Moreover, CD30+ T cells are present in the lesional skin of AD patients and high levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30) are found in the serum of the same atopic patients. To investigate the immunosuppressive capacity of cyclosporin A (CsA) in AD patients, the sCD30 serum level was determined before and after CsA treatment (5 mg/kg/day) in 10 patients with severe, refractory AD. The sCD30 serum levels before and after CsA therapy together with other serum parameters were correlated with disease activity. Methods: sCD30 serum levels were detected using a commercial sandwich ELISA; serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were determined using a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: In all AD patients sCD30 serum levels were increased ranging from 36 to 300 U/ml, with a mean value equal to 135.7 U/ml. After 6 weeks of CsA treatment, not only was there a significant difference between serum sCD30 levels before (mean 135.7) and after (mean 96.2) treatment but even the serum ECP levels before (mean 57.78) and after (mean 18.69) therapy showed an important reduction. Moreover, no significant difference was found between the mean of serum IgE levels before and after treatment, although the values showed a correlation (p = 0.0003). No significant correlations could be demonstrated between sCD30 levels and serum IgE or between sCD30 and ECP serum levels nor between sCD30 levels and blood eosinophil count after CsA treatment. Moreover, a positive correlation (p = 0.001) was instead documented between sCD30 and the severity of the disease. Conclusions: In this study, CsA therapy results in clinical improvement together with a statistically significant reduction in sCD30 and ECP serum levels in AD patients.

One day, 100 birds of commercial broiler Ross308 were used. The results showed the success of the amplification process for the studied segment of the CAPN1 gene through electrophoresis assay. Three genotypes, CC, CT and TT, were identified, whose frequency was 0.52, 0.34 and 0.14, respectively. C allele frequency was 0.69, and the T allele was 0.31. There are no significant differences in body weight and weight gain among CC, CT and TT genotypes. The results showed that there were highly significant differences (P<0.01) in the Water Holding Capacity (WHC) among the genotypes. The CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT genotypes. Also, there were significant differences in the pH values (P<0.01) among the genotypes. CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT genotypes. There were significant differences in flavor between the genotypes; the CC genotype was superior to the CT genotype, and the CT genotype was superior to the TT genotype. There are significant differences (P<0.01) in tenderness. CC genotype was superior to the TT genotype. CT genotypes did not differ significantly from the CC and TT genotypes. There was a highly significant difference (P<0.01) among the genotypes on the juiciness. The CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT genotypes—no significant differences in color and generally acceptable. Keywords: genetic analysis, polymorphisms, CAPN1 gene, productive, meat qualitative, broiler.

Soluble CD163 (sCD163) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels, monocyte/macrophage activation markers, are elevated in patient serum during Brucella infection. The aim of this study was to measure serum sCD163 and sCD14 levels during treatment for acute brucellosis to determine whether they can be used to monitor treatment efficacy. Blood samples were collected from 30 patients with acute brucellosis (disease duration < 8 weeks) before and after 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy as well as from a comparison group of 28 healthy control individuals. Serum sCD163 and sCD14 levels were measured with specific, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The clinical data and routine indices including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR), as well as white cell counts (WBC) were also studied. Both serum sCD163 and sCD14 levels were significantly higher in patients with acute brucellosis than in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). A significant decline was observed in patients after cessation of treatment (p < 0.001), which still be significantly higher than that in healthy controls (p < 0.001). In additional, serum sCD163 levels were positively correlated with sCD14 levels; both of which were positively associated with CRP levels. However, neither sCD163 nor sCD14 levels were correlated with ESR or WBC. The decline in sCD163 and sCD14 levels following antibiotic therapy may be used as a marker to assess therapeutic efficacy following treatment of acute brucellosis.

Background: Epirubicin dosing affects important clinical outcomes in breast cancer, with higher dose regimens improving efficacy but producing more myelosuppression. Epirubicin is metabolized by uridine glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7). We previously reported relationships between UGT2B7’s promoter polymorphisms and epirubicin clearance and clinical outcomes in the (neo)adjuvant breast cancer setting; we identified a trend for increased grade 3/4 neutropenia but better efficacy outcomes in patients having at least one deficient allele (i.e. CT or CC) vs. patients who were wild type homozygotes. Patients homozygous for the deficient allele (CC) were at statistically significant increased risk for leucopenia compared to patients who were wild type homozygotes or heterozygotes. In this study we hypothesized patients with CT and TT genotypes would tolerate a higher epirubicin dose compared to CC genotype patients. We designed this study to determine the safety of pharmacogenetic-guided epirubicin dosing for each UGT2B7 genotype. Methods: Female breast cancer patients with histologically confirmed non-metastatic invasive breast cancer scheduled to receive at least three cycles of FE100C in the (neo)adjuvant setting were enrolled into the study. Peripheral blood was analyzed for UGT2B7 genotype. Patients received standard dose IV FE100C during the first 21 day cycle. Based on genotype, epirubicin dosing was escalated in the 2nd and 3rd cycles. Epirubicin Dose Escalation SchemeDose of Epirubicin per Cycle (mg/m2)CycleGenotype123CC100100100CT100115130TT100120140 Results: To date 32 patients are evaluable for pharmacogenetic guided epirubicin dosing (8 CC genotypes, 14 CT genotypes and 10 TT genotypes). All 32 patients received epirubicin100 mg/m2 in cycle one and a single patient in each of the CC and CT genotypes experienced grade 3 febrile neutropenia and were not dose escalated. All other patients with CT and TT genotypes were dose escalated in cycle 2 and all but two patients in the CT and TT genotypes were dose escalated in cycle 3. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was not dose dependent as all three genotypes had similar incidence in each cycle whereas leucopenia was genotype and dose dependent. The incidence of leukopenia increased in patients with CT and TT genotypes as their dose was increased and cycle 3 leukopenia rates were similar to patients with the CC genotype receiving standard dose epirubicin. Conclusions: Pharmacogenetic guided epirubicin dosing is well tolerated. This study is ongoing and updated data will be presented. Citation Format: John R Mackey, Edith Pituskin, Ann Vlahadamis, Katia Tonkin, Karen King, Sanraj Basi, Maria Ho, Judith Meza-Junco, Anil Joy, Dick Au, Sambasivarao Damaraju, Michael B Sawyer. Pharmacogenetic dosing of epirubicin in FEC chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-48.

Introduction: Beta three adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) is an adrenergic receptor that induces activation of adenylate cyclase located mainly in adipose tissue and is involved in the thermogenesis of brown fat tissue and in the regulation of lipolysis. Agonists of ADRB3 are found to induce the thermogenesis process of human brown fat tissue and thus believed to be excellent anti-obesity targets. The most studied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ADRB3 is rs4994. Inconsistent findings have been found in earlier studies about the association of rs4994 polymorphisms with obesity among different populations. The association of ADRB3/rs4994 polymorphism with obesity among the Saudi population is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association of ADRB3/rs4994 polymorphism with obesity, blood lipids and blood pressure in the Saudi population.&#x0D; Method: This study was a case control study involving 88 obese healthy volunteers and 84 non-obese (controls) volunteers recruited from the King Khaled University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Using KASPTM (Competitive Allele-Specific PCR) the rs4994 genotype for each participant was determined. The frequency, distribution, and association of each genotype with body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile were calculated.&#x0D; Results: The distribution of CC, TT and CT genotypes in the study population was 0.37, 0.06 and 0.56, respectively. The heterozygote CT genotype was associated with a reduced risk of obesity (odds ratio (OR)=0.4398, 95%CI=0.2338 to 0.8277, P-value=0.010). It was more frequent in the non-obese participants compared to the obese participants (67.9% vs. 44.3%, respectively). Moreover, participants with the CT genotype had a significantly lower BMI (P=0.004). In contrast, the CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of obesity (OR=2.5, 95%CI=1.3467 to 4.8758, P-value=0.004). The frequency of the CC genotype was higher in obese participants compared to the non-obese ones (46.6% vs. 28.6%, respectively). Participants with the CC genotype demonstrated a significantly higher BMI than participants with the CT or TT genotypes (Q= 4.5, P=0.004). The TT genotype had no significant effects on the participants’ BMI (OR=2.9, 95%CI=0.7563 to 11.5759, P value=0.11), and it was higher in obese compared to non-obese participants (9.1% vs. 3.6%, respectively). No significant effect of ADRB3/rs4994 polymorphism on blood lipid profile or blood pressure was observed.&#x0D; Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that the heterozygote CT genotype of the ADRB3/rs4994 polymorphism is associated with a reduced risk of obesity among the Saudi population. In the future, larger scale studies are required to further confirm these observations.

The role of CD30 in atopic disease.

The 677 C/T MTHFR Polymorphism is Associated with Essential Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, and Higher Homocysteine Levels

Purpose To study the features of the course of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (AH) in the Aral Sea region with the identification of the prevalence of various genotypes of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene in patients with uncomplicated hypertensive crisis. Methods The genetic part included 94 patients with uncomplicated hypertensive crisis, an average age of 55.3±8.6 years, 54 (58.3%)women and 40 men (41.7%). The control group consisted of 50 healthy women and men, an average age of 52.7±6.4 years in equal proportion. The genetic study was carried out by real-time PCR with the determination of the prevalence of genotypes and alleles of genetic polymorphisms AGT 521 C&amp;gt;T, AGT 704 T&amp;gt;C. Results Patients with uncomplicated hypertensive crisis were characterized by LV hypertrophy, thickening of the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery, and kidney damage. Henken's test showed that patients with AH require a significantly higher concentration of table salt to determine the threshold of taste sensitivity than in the control group: 0.51±0.17% versus 0.21±0.14% concentration of NaCl. The distribution of 704T&amp;gt;C genotypes of the AGT gene polymorphism was as follows: CC genotype 43.6%, CT genotype 45.8%, TT genotype 10.6% of cases, χ2=32.777, p=0.000; C allele – 66.5%, T allele - 33.5% of cases, χ2=40.894, p=0.000. Among healthy individuals, the distribution by genotypes showed a significant predominance of the CC genotype: CC 76%, CT 24%, TT genotype was not detected in the presented sample, χ2=67.92, p=0.000; C-allele 88%, T-allele 12%, χ2=115.52, p=0.000. The above data of the group of patients and healthy people corresponded to the theoretical Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The distribution of 521T&amp;gt;C genotypes of the AGT gene polymorphism among AH patients was as follows: CC genotype – 79.8%, CT genotype – 16%, TT genotype – 4.2% of cases, χ2=139.8, p=0.000; C-allele – 87.8%, T-allele – 12.2%, χ2=214.5, p=0.000. Among healthy individuals, a significant predominance of the CT genotype was shown: CC genotype – 40%, CT genotype – 60% of cases, χ2=42.0, p=0.000; C-allele – 70%, T-allele – 30%, χ2=32.0, p=0.000. The above data of the group of patients and healthy people did not correspond to the theoretical Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Conclusion Patients with uncomplicated hypertensive crisis, living in the aral sea region, are characterized by severe damage of target organs, a high threshold of taste sensitivity to table salt. Based on genetic models of inheritance, a significant prevalence of the C-allele and CC genotype 704 T&amp;gt;C AGT gene polymorphism in healthy individuals was revealed, which characterizes the C-allele and CC genotype as protective against AH in people of the Aral Sea region. Significantly greater accumulation of the C-allele 521 C&amp;gt;T polymorphism of the AGT gene among AH patients is a factor of predisposition to a complicated course of AH in people of the aral sea region. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The study was conducted at the sheep and goat research station, at Al-Shatrah District, ThiQar Agriculture Directorate, Thi-Qar Governorate, from 1/11/2021 to 30/6/2022 for one production season. A total of 100 animals were used, consisting of 50 parents and 50 lambs, males and females, the ages of the ewes ranged from 3 to 5 years old. The sheep data used in the experiment were collected from the station records. The genetic part was also completed in the Marshes Research Laboratory at the University of Thi-Qar. The study aimed at the relationship between Leptin gene and milk production and its components. There were significant differences (P≤0.05) between the animals of CC, CT and TT genotypes, resulting from mutation at site 119 of the studied segment of the Leptin gene, on total milk production and daily milk production, where animals with TT genotype outperformed animals with CT and CC genotype, there were no significant differences on milk production and daily milk production between CC and CT genotype, also between the CT and TT genotypes. The results of total milk production were as follows: 32.71, 34.29 and 36.51 liters, for daily milk production: 363.47, 381.00 and 405.71 liters, for CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively.

To study the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism with susceptibility to bronchial asthma and glucocorticoid (GC) efficacy in children. A total of 173 children with bronchial asthma who were hospitalized between June 2018 and December 2020 were selected as the observation group. The children received aerosol inhalation of GC for three consecutive months. A total of 178 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. PCR was used to detect the genotypes of the MTHFR C677T for the two groups. The differences in genotype distribution between the two groups were analyzed. Children with different genotypes in the observation group were compared in terms of immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin-8 (IL-8), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), lung function, and clinical outcome before and after treatment. TT genotype and T allele were significantly more frequent in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.001). TT/CT genotypes and T allele were independent risk factors for bronchial asthma (OR=6.615 and 7.055 respectively; P<0.001). After GC treatment, the children with CC, CT or TT genotypes experienced significantly decreased levels of IgE, IL-8, and LTB4 and significantly increased forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio (P<0.001). The children with TT genotype showed significantly lower levels of IL-8 and LTB4 than those with CC genotype, a significantly lower level of LTB4 than those with CT genotype, significantly higher FVC than those with CT genotype, and a significantly higher FEV1/FVC ratio than those with CC genotype (P<0.05). The children with TT genotype had better GC efficacy compared with those with CC genotype (P<0.05). TT genotype was an independent factor for good GC efficacy (OR=2.111, P=0.018). MTHFR gene polymorphism is associated with asthma susceptibility and GC efficacy in children. Children carrying TT/CT genotypes have a higher risk of developing asthma, and those with TT genotype are more sensitive to GC treatment.

Plasma Homocysteine Levels, Methelene TetraHydroFolate Reductase (MTHFR) Polymorphism, and the Risk of Thromboembolism in Children: A Single Institution Experience

To study the effect of CYP2D6*10 (c.100 C&gt;T) on plasma trough concentrations of metoprolol and its metabolite α-hydroxy metoprolol, blood pressure and heart rate in patients with coronary artery disease. The patients with coronary artery disease taking metoprolol tablets (n=128) and those taking metoprolol sustained-release tablets (n=126) were genotyped for CYP2D6*10 using Taqman real-time quantitative PCR. The trough concentrations of metoprolol and α-hydroxy metoprolol were determined with UPLC-MS/MS, and the dose-normalized concentrations (C/D) were compared among the patients with different CYP2D6*10 genotypes in both groups. Resting blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in all the patients when the concentration of metoprolol reached the steady state and were compared among the patients with different genotypes. In patients taking metoprolol sustained-release tablets, the plasma trough concentration of α-hydroxy metoprolol was significantly associated with the systolic blood pressure (P=0.0204). The CYP2D6*10 poor metabolizers showed a significant association with the C/D of metoprolol and α-hydroxy metoprolol (P &lt; 0.01) in patients receiving metoprolol in both formulations, and in both groups, the C/D of metoprolol was significantly higher in the patients with a TT genotype than in those with a CC or CT genotype (P &lt; 0.01); compared with those with the CT genotype, the patients with the TT genotype had a significantly lower C/D of α-hydroxy metoprolol (P &lt; 0.01). In patients taking metoprolol sustained-release tablets, those with the CT (P=0.0281) and TT (P=0.0196) genotypes had lower diastolic blood pressure than patients with the CC genotypes, but the systolic blood pressure or heart rate did not differ significantly among them. CYP2D6*10T allele mutation can reduce the metabolism of metoprolol, increase the C/D of metoprolol and decrease the C/D of α-metoprolol and diastolic blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease, but CYP2D6*10 variation does not significantly affect systolic blood pressure or heart rate in the patients when the concentration of metoprolol reaches a steady state.

BackgroundSerum folate concentration is lower in individuals with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677TT genotype than in those with the MTHFR 677CC or 677CT genotypes. Since studies considering folate intake are limited, we examined the association between folate intake and serum folate levels, according to the genotype.MethodsThe subjects comprised 170 Japanese persons (74 males and 96 females) aged 20-75 years who visited a clinic to test for Helicobacter pylori infection. Folate intake was estimated using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and serum folate was measured in the residual fasting blood samples of the subjects. MTHFR C677T was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe geometric means of serum folate level were 6.19, 6.20, and 5.17 ng/mL among the 60 participants with the 677CC genotype, 90 participants with the 677CT genotype, and 20 participants with the 677TT genotype, respectively. No difference was noted in the mean folate intake estimated using the food-frequency questionnaire. Regression analysis showed that loge(serum folate) adjusted for age, sex, and loge(folate intake) was significantly lower among those with the 677TT genotype than among those with the 677CT or 677CC genotypes (p = 0.01). The adjusted reduction in serum folate was 20.2% (95% confidence interval, 5.4-32.6%) in the case of the 677TT genotype relative to the levels in the case of the 677CC/677CT genotypes. When folate intake was adjusted for total energy intake, using the residual method, the slope of the regression line for 677TT was smaller than those of the regression lines for 677CC and 677CT.ConclusionIndividuals with the 677TT genotype may need to consume more folate to maintain serum folate levels similar to those found in individuals with the 677CC/677CT genotypes.