Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the usefulness of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the assessment of the relationship between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and bone crest of the anterior mandibular cortex. The study population comprised 39 males and 61 females, aged 18–71. A GENDEX GXCB-500 machine, i-CAT Vision and CorelDraw 9 software were used. The distances between the CEJ and bone crest at buccal and lingual sides of six anterior mandibular teeth were measured. Descriptive statistical methods, Student’s t-test and ANOVA were used. The mean distance between the bone crest and CEJ was 2.32 mm ± 0.78 mm at the buccal and 2.52 mm ± 0.85 mm at the lingual side. It was found that in males aged over 50 years, the mean distance at the buccal side was 2.84 mm ± 0.79 mm and was significantly higher than in males aged 49 and less – 2.08 mm ± 0.41 mm. The mean distance at the lingual side was 3.28 mm ± 1.08 mm and was significantly lower in the age group of 49 years and less – 2.10 mm ± 0.41 mm. CBCT allows determining the distance between the CEJ and crestal bone margin at buccal and lingual sides. The data provide crucial information for planning orthodontic treatment, implant placement and periodontal therapy.
Highlights
The alveolar bone structure, especially its vestibular cortex, is crucial for the aesthetics of smile
Its morphology influences the state of gingiva, and in the case of tooth loss, to a great extent it decides on the possibility of reconstruction of missing teeth, comparable to the natural dentition
The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in determination of the relationship between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the crestal bone margin at buccal and lingual mandibular alveolar processes taking into consideration the utility of such information in clinical applications
Summary
The alveolar bone structure, especially its vestibular cortex, is crucial for the aesthetics of smile. Dehiscence is a defect in the vestibular or lingual cortex causing exposure of the dental root towards its apex deeper than 4 mm in relation to the bone level at mesial and distal surfaces of any given tooth. Fenestration is a limited defect of the cortical bone exposing the underlying root surface, but it is not connected with the alveolar cortex margin. Fenestrations and dehiscences affect most commonly the anterior maxilla and mandible [19]. Such defects are located at the periapical or medial part of the dental root, and this phenomenon is common. Nimigean et al [19] examined 138 skulls of Caucasian individuals and found fenestrations in about 70% of cases, mostly in the maxilla, while dehiscences in about 54%, more commonly in the mandible. Rupprecht et al [23] discovered fenestrations in 61.6% of 146 skulls of contemporary USA citizens (both Caucasian and Afroamerican), and dehiscences in 40.4% of cases
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