Abstract

We present a microwave measurement system for detection of objects in granular media flowing through pipes. The system comprises a resonant cavity sensor operated in several high-order modes that yield spatially periodic sensitivities, and a microwave transceiver for fast S-parameter measurements. The temporal signatures from the passage of an object and the temporal correlations of the noise caused by flow inhomogeneities are incorporated in a matched filter detector, which is shown to perform uniformly better than two reference power detectors. The detection capabilities of the system are evaluated based on many object passage events in granulates flowing down a vertical pipe. We study the detection of dielectric and metal objects in microcrystalline cellulose pellets and glass beads, where the minimum detectable object size is 2–4 mm for metal objects and 4–6 mm for dielectric objects at a mass flow rate of 100 kg/h.

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