Abstract
With the ever-increasing research activities in multiferroic driven by its profound physics and enormous potential for application, magnetic force microscopy (MFM), as a variety of atomic force microscope (AFM), has been brought to investigate the magnetic properties and the voltage controlled magnetism, especially in thin films and heterostructures. Here by taking a representative multiferroic system BiFeO3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 heterostructure and a ferroelectric PMN-PT single crystal for examples, we demonstrated that the MFM image is prone to be seriously interfered by the electrostatic interaction between the tip and sample surface, and misleads the predication of multiferroic. Assisted by the scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM), the origin and mechanism were discussed and an effective solution was proposed.
Highlights
Multiferroic materials, which exhibit the coupling among charge, spin, lattice, and even orbit orders, remain one of the hot topics in materials science and condensed matter physics research, and hold promise for use in next-generation electronics, such as novel data storage devices, logic devices and low-power spintronics,[1] let alone the rising star of electric and magnetic controllable 2D electron gas at multiferroic interfaces.[2]
Based on non-contact mode, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) signal is sensitive to the surface conditions of the sample and susceptible to other disturbances such as Van der Waals force and electrostatic force.[23]
The normal maze-like magnetic domain in FIG. 1b confirms the magnetization of LSMO and the validity of MFM
Summary
Multiferroic materials, which exhibit the coupling among charge, spin, lattice, and even orbit orders, remain one of the hot topics in materials science and condensed matter physics research, and hold promise for use in next-generation electronics, such as novel data storage devices, logic devices and low-power spintronics,[1] let alone the rising star of electric and magnetic controllable 2D electron gas at multiferroic interfaces.[2]. 1d), which is normally supposed to originate from the magnetoelectric coupling between BFO and LSMO, and evidence the electric-field induced magnetization changes in this heterostructure. After the double-box poling, the ferroelectric polarization directions are switched by the external electric field, and the PFM phase presents the double-box pattern as designed, as shown in FIG.
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