Abstract
Trace amounts of europium can be determined quantitatively in situ by excitation with cathode rays (electrons) and detection of europium transitions. Europium can then be determined from a standard plot of intensity vs. concentration. Matrix effects, voltage effects, detection lines, and rare-earth and first-transition-group interferences are discussed. While the detection limit of europium under normal conditions is about 0.1 p.p.m., optimizing the above effects yields an ultimate detection limit, by extrapolation, of about 0.005 p.p.m.
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