Catchment-scale hydrology limits the benefits of geomorphic complexity for instream vegetation communities

Abstract

Improving instream habitat complexity is a common stream restoration approach despite often limited improvements to stream biota with catchment-scale stressors such as altered hydrology thought to be more important. Instream vegetation is a critical component of lowland stream ecosystems, providing multiple ecological benefits. Thus, we asked: How does instream vegetation respond to (1) geomorphic complexity; (2) different flow regime components; and (3) what is the relationship between geomorphic complexity and flow in driving instream vegetation?We surveyed instream vegetation and geomorphology along 23 lowland stream reaches. We investigated associations between six measures of geomorphic complexity, six flow metrics, and amphibious and aquatic vegetation richness, Shannon diversity and cover.Amphibious vegetation was negatively associated with simplified channels and increasing flood frequency. Increasing depth and width variation, and Julian day low flow variability, were positively associated with aquatic vegetation. Considering sites with complex (stable) or simplified (unstable) geomorphology separately, only vegetation at stable sites showed strong relationships to flow regime components, with variables related to flow flashiness negatively associated with both amphibious and aquatic vegetation, and Julian day low flow variability positively associated with aquatic vegetation.We identified channel complexity, variables related to flow flashiness and variation in low flow timing, as key geomorphic and flow drivers of instream vegetation, respectively. Importantly, our results suggest that instream vegetation benefits from improving geomorphic complexity are likely to be limited without also addressing altered flow regimes.