Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green solvents analogous to ionic liquids due to their biodegradable capacity and low cost. However, the direct extractive desulfurization of diesel oil by DESs cannot meet the government’s standard. In this work, amphiphilic polyoxometalates were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and mass spectrometry. The oxidative desulfurization results showed that benzothiophene (BT) could be completely removed by employing a [(C6H13)3P(C14H29)]3PMo12O40, DES (ChCl/2Ac) and H2O2 system. It was also found that the organic cation of catalysts played a positive role in oxidative desulfurization. The reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature and time, the amount of catalyst and DES and H2O2/S (O/S) molar ratio, were optimized. Different sulfides were tested to determine the desulfurization selectivity of the optimal reaction system, and it was found that 97.2% of dibenzothiophene (DBT) could be removed followed by 80.7% of 4-MDBT and 76.0% of 4,6-DMDBT. After reaction, the IR spectra showed that the catalyst [(C6H13)3P(C14H29)]3PMo12O40 was stable during the reaction process and the oxidative product was dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2). Furthermore, the catalyst can be regenerated and recycled for four runs with little loss of activity.
Highlights
IntroductionIt is essential to extract for five cycles to reach deep desulfurization (Li et al 2016a, b, c)
Deep desulfurization of fuels is a worldwide topical issue because of the air pollution caused by SOx
The IR spectra showed that the catalyst [(C6H13)3P(C14H29)]3PMo12O40 was stable during the reaction process and the oxidative product was dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2)
Summary
It is essential to extract for five cycles to reach deep desulfurization (Li et al 2016a, b, c) Another sample using carboxylic acid-based DESs for extractive desulfurization was faced with the obstacle of low desulfurization efficiency (Li et al 2016a, b, c). Two p-toluenesulfonic acid-based DESs were employed as extractants and catalysts and H2O2 was used as oxidant for oxidation of benzothiophene (BT) and the desulfurization efficiency could reach up to 99.99% (Yin et al 2015). Lu and his group (Lu et al 2015) found that an oxalate-based DES showed good catalytic activity with H2O2 as an oxidant and 91% of dibenzothiophene (DBT) could be removed.
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