Abstract
Carotenoids are highly important in pigmentation, and its content in farmed crustaceans and fish correlates to their market value. These pigments also have a nutritional role in aquaculture where they are routinely added as a marine animal food supplement to ensure fish development and health. However, there is little information about carotenoids obtained from Antarctic bacteria and its use for pigmentation improvement and flesh quality in aquaculture. This study identified carotenoids produced by Antarctic soil bacteria. The pigmented strain (CN7) was isolated on modified Luria–Bertani (LB) media and incubated at 4 °C. This Gram-negative bacillus was identified by 16S rRNA analysis as Flavobacterium segetis. Pigment extract characterization was performed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identification with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). HPLC analyses revealed that this bacterium produces several pigments in the carotenoid absorption range (six peaks). LC–MS confirms the presence of one main peak corresponding to lutein or zeaxanthin (an isomer of lutein) and several other carotenoid pigments and intermediaries in a lower quantity. Therefore, we propose CN7 strain as an alternative model to produce beneficial carotenoid pigments with potential nutritional applications in aquaculture.
Highlights
The rooted tree shows that the 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of the strain is grouped with the homologous sequences of microorganisms belonging to the genus Flavobacterium
Considering that the threshold identity to be assigned to the same species is 97% [29], this result allows it to classify the isolated as members of F. segetis species
Further characterization and comparison using the entire sequence of F. segetis AT1048 genome will prove or refute this taxonomic classification
Summary
The Antarctic continent is an extreme environment, due to its low temperatures, and because of high UV radiation exposure [1,2]. Microorganisms have developed mechanisms to reduce the impact and damage produced by different abiotic stress factors [3]. UV exposure triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could lead to oxidative stress if antioxidant cell mechanisms are overwhelmed with pro-oxidant agents [4,5]. The toxic effect induced by ROS includes oxidative damage in DNA, lipids, and proteins leading to metabolic malfunctioning [4]
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