Care to Share: Emotional Language Use as a Function of Psychopathic Traits in Violent Youth Offenders

Indonesian internet users (Netizens) are considered uncivilized in using the internet. The Digital Civility Index (DCI) states that the politeness of Indonesian netizens was ranked 29th out of 32 countries and the worst in Southeast Asia. The uncivility of netizens is closely related to the use of emotive language, so it is necessary to study the use of emotive language by netizens. The emotive language of Indonesian netizens in responding to YouTube posts is very interesting to study from a cyberpragmatic perspective. Cyberpragmatic studies are the use of language and communication in a digital environment or in cyberspace. The problems studied in this study are formulated: (1) How is the lingual form of the emotive language of Indonesian netizens realized in responding to YouTube posts in a cyberpramatic perspective? And (2) How is the emotive language function of Indonesian netizens realized in responding to YouTube posts in a cyberpramatic perspective? The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the realization of the form of Indonesian netizen emotive language and the function of netizen emotive language in responding on YouTube posts. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The research data is in the form of netizens' verbal responses to internet-mediated YouTube posts as a field for cyberpragmatic studies. Data was collected using the Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (SBLC) technique. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive techniques using the interactive model Miles and Huberman (1992) with the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification/drawing conclusions. Based on the results of data analysis, it was concluded that the lingual form of emotive language is stated in utterances in declarative, interrogative, and directive modes, while the function of emotive language is stated in delarative speech acts with the function of stating, informing, confirming, giving advice, and praying; in expressive speech acts with functions of praising, expressing pleasure, expressing pride, thanking, apologizing, satirizing, mocking, and insulting; in imperative speech acts with functions of ordering, prohibiting, inviting, and asking. The conclusion of this study is that the lingual form of emotive language is realized in speech in declarative, interrogative, and directive modes.

The problem put forward concerns the development of teenagers' use of emotional language in the city of Bandung. This research aims to determine the emotional language in the form of feelings of anger, sadness, fear, enjoyment, love, annoyance, shame, honesty, enthusiasm, desire, and joy. The emotional language theory applied according to Goleman and Sarlito W. Sarwono. The method used is a mixed method by combining qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. Data was obtained through an emotional language questionnaire from 42 teenagers. The research results obtained state that the use of emotional language by teenagers in Bandung City has 2 gender classifications consisting of 3 age and phase classifications, then produces 11 types of emotional language categories, namely: anger (2.53%), sadness (17.11 %), fear (6.14%), enjoyment (9.64%), love (7.95%), annoyance (7.23%), shame (5.54%), honesty (6.02%), enthusiasm (17.47%), desire (11.57%), and excitement (8.80%). The conclusion confirms that the emotional language of enthusiasm is most often felt by 42 teenagers in the city of Bandung, giving rise to a positive impression on the Indonesian generation.

BackgroundInformal dementia care is uniquely stressful and necessitates effective methods of identifying and understanding the needs of potentially at-risk carers so that they can be supported and sustained in their roles. One such method is examining carers’ engagement in online support platforms. Research has explored emotional word use on online discussion forums as a proxy for underlying emotional functioning. We are not aware of any research that has analyzed the content of posts on discussion forums specific to carers of people living with dementia in order to examine their emotional states.ObjectiveWe addressed the following research questions: (1) To what extent does emotional language use differ between carers of people living with dementia and noncarers? (2) To what extent does emotional language use differ between spousal and parental carers? (3) To what extent does emotional language use differ between current and former carers?MethodsWe used the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program to examine emotional word use on a UK-based online forum for informal carers of people living with dementia and a discussion forum control group. Carers were separated into different subgroups for the analysis: current and former, and spousal and parental.ResultsWe found that carers of people living with dementia used significantly more negative, but not positive, emotion words than noncarers. Spousal carers used more emotion words overall than parental carers, specifically more negative emotion words. Former carers used more emotional words overall than current carers, specifically more positive words.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that informal carers of people living with dementia may be at increased risk of negative emotional states relative to noncarers. Greater negativity in spousal carers may be explained by increased caregiver burden, whereas greater positivity in former carers may be explained by functional relief of caregiving responsibilities. The theoretical/applied relevance of these findings is discussed.

This study examined the effects of rapport (emotional, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD]) and prompt type (what-next, cued-action, cued-emotion, what-think) on one hundred forty-two 4-9-year-old maltreated children's spontaneous and prompted emotional language. Children in the emotional-rapport condition narrated the last time they felt good and the last time they felt bad on the playground. Children in the NICHD-rapport condition narrated their last birthday party and what happened yesterday. Following rapport, all children were presented a series of story stems about positive and negative situations. Emotional-rapport minimally affected children's use of emotional language. Cued-emotion prompts were most productive in eliciting emotional language. Overall, there were few effects because of age. Children often produced less emotional language when describing negative events, particularly with respect to their spontaneous utterances, suggesting reluctance. These differences largely disappeared when children were asked additional questions, particularly cued-emotion questions. The results offer support for cued-emotion prompts as a means of increasing maltreated children's use of emotional language.

Reading as Narrative: A Study in Casuistic Laws of Pentateuch, by Assnat Bartor. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2010. 219 pp. $27.95. The relationship between law and narrative in Hebrew Bible has become popular, multi-faceted area of study in recent decades, and present book, which originates in Tel- Aviv doctorate, makes distinctive and valuable contribution (albeit one rather narrower in scope than publisher's description on back cover). The author is both Lecturer in Biblical Studies at Tel- Aviv University and criminal attorney; she takes her inspiration from Law and Literature movement in modem jurisprudence. But her focus is relatively narrow: not every law is susceptible to narrative reading; rather she seeks to survey miniature represented by casuistic of Pentateuch (broadly defined), where (typically) if clause indicates an event ... that results in damage to another person and [better: or?] changes prevailing state of affairs, while then clause prescribes an action . . . that is designed to restore equilibrium, as far as possible. This suggests that narrative elements reside in content of laws. However, author's primary contribution resides elsewhere. Chapter One distinguishes from embedded stories. The frame stories are those of anonymous narrator, who may embed stories of (legal activity of) named characters (including God and Moses as legislators), which may themselves tell (legal) stories regarding characters. As Bartor observes, this structure stems from theological outlook of author, and though she makes little attempt to engage with biblical theology, many of her analyses are of considerable theological interest. Chapter Two considers Lawgiver as (embedded) Narrator. The object here is not so much to analyze respective roles of God and Moses (a task particularly important for Deuteronomy) but rather to discover literary characteristics which distinguish narrators of of (Exodus 20:19-23:19), Deuteronomy, and Priestly (distinguishing for some purposes Holiness Code of Leviticus 17-26). The characteristics Bartor studies are in content of laws narrated and of legislator through signs of his own attitudes to laws described (e.g., through use of motive clauses and emotive language). The incidence of such perceptibility, she maintains, is in fact so pervasive that she has to restrict herself to examples. In discussing participation, author adopts different criteria in her account of different sources. In Book of Covenant participation is manifest through (occasional) use of first and second person forms, though this conclusion is perhaps debatable, given relatively small length of Book of Covenant. When author turns to Deuteronomy, she looks at incidence of the intensive and varied modes of integration of addressee [including external addressee, reader], and repeated reference to act of legislation (p. 35, emphasis in original). This integration serves to emphasize relationship between lawgiver and addressee. In her analysis of (pp. 59-84), Bartor is more systematic, comparing same features over different corpora. Her manifestations of perceptibility include motive clauses and use of emotive language (such as aswn of Exod. 21:22-23), both found already in Book of Covenant but greatly magnified in Deuteronomy (e.g., in use of to'evah, p. 81), which is essentially hortatory. By contrast, Priestly lawgiver is characterized by a guiding hand that organizes, defines, categorizes, or summarizes contents; like Deuteronomy, approach is didactic, but directed to professionalacademic rather than popular audience (pp. …

Within multilingual families, the emotionality of languages can impact individual and family wellbeing. But few studies have investigated the influence of the familial linguistic context in shaping emotional language use preferences. Guided by the Family Language Policy framework, we consider how the language use and the language attitudes of parents, siblings and children themselves affect the emotional language use preferences of children, independent of children's proficiencies in their heritage (HL) and institutional (IL) languages. We analyze unique data from over 500 primary school children (aged 10–12) from Moroccan, Turkish, Eastern-European and mixed descent living in Antwerp, the largest Dutch-speaking city of Belgium. We find that children's emotional preferesnces are strongly affected by their proficiency in the heritage language but not their proficiency in Dutch, by their parents’ and siblings’ language practices but not their own practice and by children's attitudes about the relative importance of HL and IL. Overall, the results suggest that emotional language preferences of children reflect children's own acculturation process as well as that of their families.

Drawing on theories from social judgment and persuasion, this chapter proposes that investors will be sensitive to the use of emotional language by top executives in their communication. In addition, the effect of emotional language on investors will depend on investors’ prior beliefs about the firm. Using a sample of 8,990 transcripts of presentations by executives of 632 organizations at investor conferences between 2004 and 2010, results support the prediction that executives’ use of emotional language has a significant influence on investors and that different ways of expressing emotion have differential effects on investor judgment. Moreover, the effect of emotional language is stronger when the firm’s uncertainty level is high and growth prospect is low. The results provide insights into how organizations can use language strategically to manage their relationships with stock investors, thereby contributing to a growing literature on symbolic management of organization.

Child maltreatment has frequently been associated with impaired social skills and antisocial features, but there are still controversies about the effect of each type of maltreatment on social behaviour. The aim of this study was to compare the social functioning and psychopathic traits of maltreated adolescents (MTA) with a control group (CG) and to investigate what types of maltreatments and social skills were associated with psychopathic traits in both groups. The types and intensity of maltreatment were evaluated through the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in 107 adolescents, divided into the MTA group (n = 66) and non-maltreated youths (n = 41), our CG. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL: YV) and a detailed inventory for evaluation of social skills in adolescents were also applied in all individuals. MTA presented more psychopathic traits than the CG, in all domains measured by PCL: YV, independently of IQ levels and the presence of psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, the groups did not differ significantly from each other on indicators of social skills. Multiple regression analysis revealed that emotional neglect was the only maltreatment subtype significantly associated with psychopathic traits, more specifically with the PCL: YV interpersonal factor (F1), and that some social skills (empathy, self-control and social confidence) were related to specific psychopathic factors. The results highlight that emotional neglect may be more detrimental to social behaviours than physical and sexual abuse, and that neglected children require more specific and careful attention.

This study aims to analyze the use of emotive language in Malaysian tweets reacting to the cultural appropriation by K-Pop idols. As K-Pop grows globally, cultural sensitivity within the industry becomes crucial. Twitter serves as a key platform for idols to engage with fans, and Malaysia's cultural values shape how user express emotions, particularly in response to cultural appropriation by idols from more homogeneous societies. A qualitative content analysis was employed, examining 20 tweets from Malaysian users to explore emotive language and its connection to cultural values. The analysis followed the framework by Martin and White (2005), revealing that all tweets expressed negative emotions in response to appropriation. Additionally, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions were applied to understand how Malaysian cultural values influence the use of emotive language. The findings suggest that strong cultural pride and sensitivity play significant roles in shaping these reactions. This study aims to reduce incidents of cultural appropriation by enhancing cultural awareness among K-Pop idols and the industry. Furthermore, it contributes to the broader discourse on the intersection of cultural values and emotive language in addressing issues of appropriation within global entertainment cultures like K-Pop.

Emotive language frequently appears in sporting contexts because it arouses feelings within its participants, listeners, and readers. The use of emotive language frequently provokes criticism because some people abuse emotive language to manipulate individuals, environments, and events. In addition, many individuals fail to understand how and when to use emotive terms properly. This makes its use on some occasions debatable and important to study. This article aims to examine the concept of emotive language and demonstrate how descriptive language can also prompt emotional reactions. The article distinctively attempts to aid the understanding of emotive language by analyzing two major forms, that cloud issues and obfuscate thought, through the lens of sport. They are euphemisms and doublespeak. Importantly, this article also identifies how educators can improve their writing and help others recognize and call attention to the inappropriate use of emotive language. Finally, it identifies future areas we could study to help enlighten ourselves on this important topic.

While emotional language and imagery in protest esthetics are nothing new, emotions have been repressed in modern political discourse at large, as being seen as irrational if not dangerous. As new media platforms, such as Twitter and Facebook, are becoming central media spaces for live online broadcasting of political protests, they have become an important site of discursive struggle for researchers to take into account. This article argues that emotional language use is not merely something excessive but a central discursive resource for participants in communicating their political and social relations. The analysis in this article is based on data collected from the Twitter hashtag #kämpamalmö during an anti-fascist demonstration that took place in Malmö, Sweden in 2014. Methodologically, this article is guided by a critical discourse analytical approach, with a focus on how emotional language use allows participants to form collectivities. Empirically, the article identifies how participants make use of emotional language to negotiate and relate to and identify with objects, with the outcome of different forms of socialites. One example of this is how the city itself became a central object of negotiation, as a contested love object as well as a political “empty signifier.” Another object around which participants negotiate themselves is “love” itself, as in love for the movement and as a political object in itself.

Despite considerable cognitive neuroscience research demonstrating that emotions can influence the encoding and consolidation of memory, research has failed to demonstrate a relationship between self-reported ratings of emotions collected soon after a traumatic event and memory for the event over time. This secondary analysis of data from a multisite longitudinal study of memories of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, asked the question of whether emotional language use could predict memory over time. In the 2 weeks following the 9/11 attacks, participants (N = 691; Mage = 36.8; 72% identifying as male; 76% identifying as white) wrote narratives about how they learned of the attacks and the impact of the attacks on them. Language features of these narratives were extracted using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count program and used to predict three types of memory: (a) event memory accuracy, (b) flashbulb memory consistency, and (c) emotion memory consistency. These outcomes were assessed at the time of writing, 1, 3, and 10 years after the 9/11 attacks. Results of linear mixed-effects models indicate that greater use of negative emotion words in narratives predicts better event memory accuracy 3 and 10 years after the attacks and worse flashbulb memory consistency 10 years after the attacks. However, emotion word use does not predict emotion memory consistency across time. We also examine whether other exploratory linguistic predictors are associated with memory over time. These findings suggest that written language may serve as a potential early indicator of memory over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Technology continues to change en evolve in amazing ways. The use of technology is also evolving at a dizzying pace. The way virtual environments are being used continues to challenge the norm in education. The questions driving this research study centers around the use of emotive language and emoticons in the written communication in a virtual environment between two high school aged students. The more focused question is, how does the use of emotive language and emoticons affect the negotiation, and how will a virtual facilitator interact within that same virtual environment? This study will provide insight into how the use of emotive language affects the ability of students to reach a negotiated solution. Also, this study will provide an opportunity to look at the use of text language from authentic sources. The implications of this study are quite powerful. The potential of a virtual facilitator that understands modern colloquial text based language, may provide an additional level of safety for online interactions between young adults, in effect, giving a tool to combat such things as cyber bullying.

How do individuals emotionally cope with the imminent real-world salience of mortality? DeWall and Baumeister as well as Kashdan and colleagues previously provided support that an increased use of positive emotion words serves as a way to protect and defend against mortality salience of one’s own contemplated death. Although these studies provide important insights into the psychological dynamics of mortality salience, it remains an open question how individuals cope with the immense threat of mortality prior to their imminent actual death. In the present research, we therefore analyzed positivity in the final words spoken immediately before execution by 407 death row inmates in Texas. By using computerized quantitative text analysis as an objective measure of emotional language use, our results showed that the final words contained a significantly higher proportion of positive than negative emotion words. This emotional positivity was significantly higher than (a) positive emotion word usage base rates in spoken and written materials and (b) positive emotional language use with regard to contemplated death and attempted or actual suicide. Additional analyses showed that emotional positivity in final statements was associated with a greater frequency of language use that was indicative of self-references, social orientation, and present-oriented time focus as well as with fewer instances of cognitive-processing, past-oriented, and death-related word use. Taken together, our findings offer new insights into how individuals cope with the imminent real-world salience of mortality.

The emergence of the Internet brought about new modes of communication and personal expression. The precise se- lection of words or phrases holds significant importance, as they have the capacity to evoke a wide range of reactions, aligning the audience’s feelings with the purpose of the message. This study sought to explore how male and female political figures utilise emotive language in TED Talks, examining differences in their usage and quantity of emotive language. Through a homogenous purposive sampling method, similar samples were selected and transcribed via the YouTube Transcript tool. Reference was also made to Jakobson’s (1960) framework to analyse two TED Talks, My Trials and Tribulations and From Enemy to Valentines. The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of the emo- tional dimension within internet media discourse. Notably, it reveals that the female speaker outpaced the male speak- er in articulating negative emotions to craft a compelling presentation. In essence, the study demonstrates that both genders conveyed comparable emotions stemming from traumatic experiences. This research provides valuable in- sights for speakers, the public, and future researchers by illustrating how gender variations in emotional expression in- fluence the use of emotive language and communication approaches across genders.