Abstract
Advanced biofuels incorporation into the transportation sector, particularly cellulosic bioethanol, is crucial for attaining carbon neutrality by 2050, contributing to climate changes mitigation and wastes minimization. The world needs biofuel to be commercially available to tackle the socioeconomic challenges coming from the continued use of fossil fuels. Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) is a cheap lignocellulosic raw biomass that easily grows in Mediterraneous soils and is a potential renewable resource for a biorefinery. This work aimed to study the bioethanol production from cardoon hemicellulosic hydrolysates, which originated from dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis pretreatment. A detoxification step to remove released microbial fermentative inhibitors was evaluated by using both activated carbon adsorption and a nanofiltration membrane system. The Scheffersomyces stipitis CBS5773 yeast and the modified Escherichia coli MS04 fermentation performances at different experimental conditions were compared. The promising results with E. coli, using detoxified cardoon by membrane nanofiltration, led to a bioethanol volumetric productivity of 0.30 g·L−1·h−1, with a conversion efficiency of 94.5%. Regarding the S. stipitis, in similar fermentation conditions, volumetric productivity of 0.091 g·L−1·h−1 with a conversion efficiency of 64.9% was obtained. Concluding, the production of bioethanol through detoxification of hemicellulosic cardoon hydrolysate presents a suitable alternative for the production of second-generation bioethanol, especially using the modified E. coli.
Highlights
Global energy consumption has been rising during the last decades, and the transports sector is associated with a significant contribution to fuels’ burning, increasing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)
The separated solid fraction was the object of another previous work on the evaluation of potential for bioethanol [25], and the remaining liquid fraction was called the hydrolysate, which is the object of the work here presented
Cardoon hemicellulosic fraction hydrolysate detoxification was compared by both activated carbon adsorption and a nanomembrane filtration system for bioethanol production
Summary
Global energy consumption has been rising during the last decades, and the transports sector is associated with a significant contribution to fuels’ burning, increasing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). According to the circular economy model, investigation of renewable resources as raw materials is mandatory for feeding processes and bioprocesses for biobased fuels, chemicals 4.0/). Bioethanol is the most produced biofuel at an industrial-scale level. It is mainly obtained from corn and sugarcane, competing directly with the food chain. According to the circular economy model, this approach contributes to a more efficient waste-management system. In this context, biorefining is the best contribution to bioeconomy and sustainability, lowering fossil dependence and increasing demand for second-generation biofuels for transports, as well as biobased products for other specific applications.
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