Cardiopulmonary Functions and Quality of Life in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Cross-sectional Study from Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) treatment can improve health, but patients may experience sequelae of cardiopulmonary complications. PTB can contribute to complications in the cardiovascular system, including abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) readings, and the pulmonary system can be damaged, leading to reduced lung capacity and difficulty in breathing. It may cause a combined impact on Quality of Life (QoL). Understanding this is crucial for optimising patient care and identifying potential complications early. Aim: To assess cardiopulmonary functions and QoL in patients undergoing PTB treatment. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, India from August 2019 to October 2019. Total of 32 patients (20-50 years old) receiving PTB treatment for six months were included. Haematological tests and Chest X-ray (CXR) were conducted, and QoL was measured using the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Exercise capacity was evaluated by measuring Oxygen Saturation (SpO2 ) before and after the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Results: In this study, anaemia was prevalent in 24 patients (75%). ECG abnormalities were detected in 20 (62.5%) patients, and Echocardiography (ECHO) revealed Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in 2 (6.25%) patients. Exercise capacity, measured by a 6MWT, decreased SpO2 in most patients 27 (84.37%), with a greater decline in females and older individuals. All patients reported significant QoL impairment, with worse activity scores in males. Conclusion: PTB treatment may impact cardiovascular function and QoL. Regular screening for complications and potentially tailored treatment plans are warranted for PTB patients.