Abstract
This research is focused on cellulose and starch derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carboxymethyl starch (CMS), added to the detergent in washing reference cotton fabric in soft and hard water at 40, 60 and 90 °C. The applied polymers were analyzed through the potential of surface cellulose modification and inhibition of stain transfer from standard stain donors to modified and initial cotton fabrics. The surface modification of the cotton fabrics, characterized by the zeta potential and amounts of deposits, was coupled with the cluster analysis as well as a whiteness assessment. The obtained results of the zeta potential and degree of whiteness of the reference cotton fabrics before and after washing showed differences between CMC and CMS. The appropriateness of the cluster analysis was confirmed in assessing the potential of applied polymers for surface modification of cotton fabrics and greying inhibition.
Highlights
Modifiers and Greying Inhibitors in Washing removes dirt from textiles in an aqueous medium, with the synergy of four factors playing an important role: temperature, time, mechanical effect and chemical effect, which were combined into a process–theoretical system by Dr Herbert Sinner in 1959 [1,2].Water-soluble dirt and most detergent ingredients dissolve in water; the insoluble detergent ingredients and insoluble dirt are finely dispersed in water
Since the obtained surface loading depends on a number of parameters of the washing process, the goal of this paper was to analyze the interaction of parameters that varied during the washing process
(CMC, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) + CMS), water, temperature (40, 60 and 90 C)—a cluster ter analysis was performed, with the results shown by dendrograms in Figures 13 analysis was performed, with the results shown by dendrograms in Figures 13 and 14
Summary
Modifiers and Greying Inhibitors in Washing removes dirt from textiles in an aqueous medium, with the synergy of four factors playing an important role: temperature, time, mechanical effect and chemical effect, which were combined into a process–theoretical system by Dr Herbert Sinner in 1959 [1,2].Water-soluble dirt and most detergent ingredients dissolve in water; the insoluble detergent ingredients and insoluble dirt are finely dispersed in water. Particles and textile fibers are negatively charged, and by adding an alkali, the negative charge of the fibers increase, but so does the charge of the particles, which favorably affects the washing effect [3,4]. Anionic surfactants adsorbed on textiles and particles further increase the negative charge and help disperse and keep particles in the bath. By creating a surface layer on the particles and grease droplets from removed stains, anionic surfactants act as stabilizers of the resulting dispersion and emulsion, which prevents re-deposition on the fiber. Deposition prevents additional electronegative charging of particles and fibers, to which builders contribute by softening the water and regulating pH values and improving the washing effect.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
