Carbon supported dual functional materials for integrated carbon dioxide capture and methanation: Performance of different support materials and carbon footprint assessment

Managing sustainable practices in cruise tourism: the assessment of carbon footprint and waste of water and beverage packaging

The carbon footprint is one of the main methods used to quantify the anthropogenic impact on the environment and to help combat the threat to climatic change. If carbon footprint analysis is being done for the first time, it is curtained to be stuck by wide range of definitions, approaches, and terminology of neighborhood. This study quantified the carbon emission from different sources and carbon absorption by vegetation cover inside the SVNIT campus. The estimation of total carbon sequestration by vegetation cover of SVNIT was around 392 to 400-ton CO2/year. The total carbon emission by indirect source (electricity) was estimated from 2953.58 to 2506.71 tons of CO2/year, and from direct sources was 474–520 tons of CO2/year. The green belt, in the campus, is absorbing 76.92 to 84.63% CO2 emission annually. In the present paper, an attempt was made to provide an introductory guide on some preliminary concepts of carbon footprint for researchers and interested ones in this area. Each step is presented for calculating the carbon footprint, and an introduction to the main methodologies is presented. An approximate framework of procedures for calculating carbon footprint on different topics is also presented.

Assessment of the potential carbon footprint of engineered processes for the mineral carbonation of PGM tailings

In recent years, Serbia has become increasingly popular as a tourism destination, attracting travelers from the surrounding region, as well as Europe and even distant locations. The environmental impact linked with tourism activities, specifically their carbon footprints, has gained growing attention as sustainability becomes an important factor when discussing the future of tourism. This research, which is based on the DEFRA and ADEME methodologies using the Greentripper tool, examines the significance of carbon footprint estimations for incoming tourism in Serbia from a scientific standpoint. By considering the emissions produced from transportation, accommodation, and on-site activities, the results of 1,431,394,511 kg CO2e offer valuable information about the extent of carbon emissions linked to tourism movements. The primary driver of this carbon footprint is transportation (80.2%), on-site activities (15.2%), and housing (4.6%). The per capita tourism carbon footprint is 670 kg CO2e, which is lower compared to the values derived using general data and carbon emissions on a worldwide basis, which amount to 759 kg CO2e. These findings are essential for comprehending the environmental sustainability of tourism operations. Furthermore, carbon footprint assessments play a crucial role as a tool for making informed decisions and implementing initiatives to reduce carbon emissions in the tourism business. This could involve selecting environmentally friendly modes of travel, advocating for sustainable hotel choices, or integrating carbon offsetting activities into vacation packages. In addition, carbon footprint assessments promote transparency and responsibility in the tourism industry.

Livestock's contributions to climate change and smog-forming emissions are a growing public policy concern. This study quantifies greenhouse gas (GHG) and alcohol emissions from calves and feedlot steers. Carbon dioxide (CO) methane (CH), nitrous oxide (NO), ethanol (EtOH), and methanol (MeOH) were measured from a total of 45 Holstein and Angus steers and 9 Holstein calves representative of four different growth stages commonly present on calf ranches and commercial feedlots. Individuals from each animal type were randomly assigned to three equal replicate groups of nine animals per group. Steers were fed a high concentrate diet and calves a milk replacer and grain supplement. Cattle and calves were housed in groups of three animals in an environmental chamber for 24 h. The CO, NO, EtOH, and MeOH concentrations from the air inlet and outlet of the chamber were measured using an INNOVA 1412 monitor and CH using a TEI 55C methane analyzer. Emission rates (g head h) were calculated. The GHGs were mainly produced by enteric fermentation and respiration and differed across life stages of cattle. Compared with dairy cows, feedlot steers produce relatively less GHG. In general, ethanol and methanol, the most important volatile organic compound (VOC) group in the dairy sector, were below the lower limit of detection of the gas analyzer. The present data will be useful to verify models and to enhance GHG emission inventories for enteric fermentation, respiration, and fresh excreta for numerous cattle life stages across the beef industry.

It is important to evaluate the solubility of solid carbon dioxide in liquefied natural gas for natural gas liquefaction at relatively high temperature. The regular solution method and the equations-of-state (EOS) are used to calculate the solubility of carbon dioxide in saturated liquid methane in this paper. The calculation results are compared with the experiment data, and it certifies that the EOS method can be recommended for this kind of solubility calculation. In addition, nitrogen and ethane are common components in natural gas. In this paper, PR EOS is selected to calculate the solubility of carbon dioxide in CH4+N2 and CH4+C2H6 mixtures. Results show that the solubility of carbon dioxide in liquid CH4+N2 mixtures increases with the addition of nitrogen content in the relatively low temperature region (lower than 155K). With the temperature increases, the solubility of carbon dioxide decreases with the increase of nitrogen content. While in liquid CH4+C2H6 mixtures, it increases with the increase of ethane content. liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen or LNG. In 1940, Fedorova calculated the solubility of carbon dioxide in liquid oxygen and in liquid nitrogen according to ideal solution theory. At the same time, he did some experiments and found that the theoretical calculations are more than 100 times larger than the experimental values(7). In 1962, Davis et al performed a series of experiments on the methane-carbon dioxide system and got the solubility of carbon dioxide in methane at different temperatures(8). Most of these researchers are experts in the field of chemistry, who were focus on a variety of experimental methods of solubility determination. Li from Zhejiang University used the regular solution method and modified Scatchard-Hildebrand relation in her PhD thesis to calculate the solubility of carbon dioxide in liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen, and obtained good results(9). As liquid methane is a cryogenic non-polar liquid similar with liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen, similar method has been imitated in the calculation of the solubility of carbon dioxide in the saturated liquid methane in this paper. Additionally, simple cubic equations-of-state has been widely used in non-polar fluid phase equilibria calculations. In 2006, ZareNezhad and Eggeman(10) used PR EOS to predict CO2 freezing points of hydrocarbon liquid and vapor mixtures at cryogenic conditions of gas plants. The overall average absolute relative deviation between the experimental and predicted CO2 freezing temperatures for this binary system is 0.26%. So EOS method is selected for the solid-liquid phase equilibria calculation in this paper.

Activities embedded in academic culture (international conferences, field missions) are an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, collective efforts are still needed to lower the carbon footprint of Academia. Serious games are often used to promote ecological transition. Nevertheless, most evaluations of their effects focus on changes in knowledge and not on behaviour. The main objectives of this study are to 1) Evaluate the feasibility of a control and an experimental behaviour change intervention and, 2) Evaluate the fidelity (the extent to which the implementation of the study corresponds to the original design) of both interventions. People employed by a French research organisation (N = 30) will be randomised to one of the two arms. The experimental arm consists in a 1-hour group discussion for raising awareness about climate change, carrying out a carbon footprint assessment and participating to a serious game called "Ma terre en 180 minutes." The control arm consists of the same intervention (1h discussion + carbon footprint assessment) but without participating to the serious game. On two occasions over one month, participants will be asked to fill in online surveys about their behaviours, psychological constructs related to behaviour change, sociodemographic and institutional information. For every session of intervention, the facilitators will assess task completion, perceived complexity of the tasks and the perceived responsiveness of participants. Descriptive statistics will be done to analyse percentages and averages of the different outcomes. Ma-terre EVAL pilot study is a 1-month and a half pilot randomised controlled trial aiming to evaluate the feasibility and the fidelity of a 24-month randomised controlled trial. This study will provide more information on the levers and obstacles to reducing the carbon footprint among Academia members, so that they can be targeted through behaviour change interventions or institutional policies.

Recent advances in integrated carbon dioxide capture and methanation technology

This research aims to study the carbon footprint based on the life cycle assessment of biomass power plants. Covering the acquisition of raw materials to the end of the production process in biomass power plants (cradle to grave: C2G). The study proposes constructive ways to reduce the carbon footprint of biomass power plants. Conducted research consisting of 3 phases: phase 1, the rubber plantation process; phase 2, the rubber wood processing plant; and phase 3, the biomass power plant. Assessment of carbon footprint: following the principle of life cycle assessment, the results of the carbon footprint assessment found that in Phase 1, the process of growing rubber trees throughout the life cycle calculated the carbon footprint of the sample group as average greenhouse gas emissions from fresh rubber wood and combined with the average greenhouse gas emissions from rubber wood timbers of 1.1186 kgCO2eq per day. In phase 2, rubber wood processing plants throughout the life cycle have average greenhouse gas emissions of 15,319.11 kgCO2eq per day. In phase 3, biomass power plants electricity capacity is 9.9 MW per day, and their greenhouse gas emissions are 44,753.60 kg CO2eq per day. The result found that greenhouse gas emissions from biomass power plants per 1 kWh accounted for a carbon dioxide equivalent of 4.52 kgCO2eq. Calculate the predictor factors affecting the amount of greenhouse gases in biomass power plants in raw score form as Y = 373.516 +.082 (raw material quantity), where Y is the greenhouse gas emission (kgCO2eq), using the forecast equation in standard score form. With Z =.983raw material quantity3, It was found that the quantity of raw materials had a positive correlation with the quantity of greenhouse gases at a statistical significance of .01 with a correlation coefficient of .983, which could explain the variability of the variables of the quantity of greenhouse gases with 96.70 percent accuracy.

Supply chain carbon emission is one of the factors considered in the green supply chain management. A method was designed to support the green supply chain measures based on the carbon footprint assessment for products. A research for 3 typical household appliances carbon footprint assessment was conducted to explore using product carbon footprint assessment method to guide the green supply chain management of the manufacturers. The result could reflect the differences directions on green supply chain management of manufacturers of washing machine, air conditioner and microwave, respectively That is, the washing machine manufacturer should pay attention to the low carbon activities in upstream suppliers in highest priority, and also the promotion of product energy efficiency. The air conditioner manufacturer should pay attention to the product energy efficiency increasing in highest priority, and the improvement of refrigerant to decrease its GWP. And the microwave manufacture could only focus on the energy efficiency increasing because it contributes most of the carbon emission to its carbon footprint. Besides, the representativeness of product and the applicability of the method were also discussed. As the manufacturer could master the technical information on raw material and components of its products to conduct the product carbon footprint assessment, this method could help the manufacturer to identify the effective green supply chain measures in the preliminary stage.

Low-carbon hydrogen production via electron beam plasma methane pyrolysis: Techno-economic analysis and carbon footprint assessment

Our daily consumption patterns have a major influence on climate change. Several European initiatives use CO2-labels for products to provide guidance for climate friendly consumption decisions. Different methodological details affect the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2-e) being labeled. A standardized method is needed to generate comparable results. The objective of this study conducted at the Institute for Marketing and Innovation of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, was to identify the key methodological criteria for transparent assessment of the carbon footprint of food products. Expert interviews and content analyses were the methodological approach applied. Current carbon footprint standardization processes have to meet the challenge of meeting both scientific accuracy and practicability in order to enable comprehensive implementation in management practice.

Global warming is more and more serious due to Carbon dioxide emission. This study focuses on the carbon footprint in interior decoration and construction via whole life cycle periods. The assessment is calculated by carbon footprints per square meter of indoor area in the unit of kgCO2e/m2 during the design procedure. The percentage of carbon decreasing is related with the design value and standard value. This study collected and analysed the carbon dioxide emission in every parts of interior decoration and construction as the database to be the standard value. And established the evaluated equations for further assessment by interior designers.

Daily human activities generate greenhouse gases. The total emission of greenhouse gases is called the carbon footprint and is expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) units. As a new educational institution, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) began to take part in an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) programme that supports the reduction in carbon emissions. In this study, the total amount of CO2 produced from UTM during 4 years was measured under three categories: (1) the emissions from the fleet of university vehicles for public transportation, (2) the electricity and water emissions, and (3) the emissions produced by staff and student transportation, waste generation, paper, and maintenance by contractors. The special evaluation method is an alternative method to calculate greenhouse gases and measures all elements/sources of greenhouse gases under the same functional unit. This reference helps the assessor to avoid the double measurement of anthropogenic gases. The study results demonstrated that air transportation utilised by university students and employees and electricity usage contributed to 34.74%, 19.37%, and 18.19% of the carbon emissions, respectively. The total CO2 emissions from the three sources over 4 years were 48.442 MT. The data on the carbon footprint of the university can form the basis for monitoring, evaluation, and regulation of greenhouse gas emissions in Malaysia. Moreover, the university constructed and operates a smart house, a large solar parking lot with a capacity of 10 MW, uses solar and wind-powered lighting, and encourages the use of bicycles and electric scooters to achieve an annual reduction in the total CO2 emissions intensity. The results of this study suggested that a carbon reduction project could encourage university members and public society to an understanding of the environment and allowing UTM to become a centre of excellence for the operation of a green campus for urban areas.

Advances and challenges about Ni-based dual functional materials for alternating cycles of CO2 storage and in-situ hydrogenation to CH4