Abstract
Hydrogen derived from biomass feedstock (biohydrogen) can play a significant role in Germany’s hydrogen economy. However, the bioenergy potential and environmental benefits of biohydrogen production are still largely unknown. Additionally, there are no uniform evaluation methods present for these emerging technologies. Therefore, this paper presents a methodological approach for the evaluation of bioenergy potentials and the attainable environmental impacts of these processes in terms of their carbon footprints. A procedure for determining bioenergy potentials is presented, which provides information on the amount of usable energy after conversion when applied. Therefore, it elaborates a four-step methodical conduct, dealing with available waste materials, uncertainties of early-stage processes, and calculation aspects. The bioenergy to be generated can result in carbon emission savings by substituting fossil energy carriers as well as in negative emissions by applying biohydrogen production with carbon capture and storage (HyBECCS). Hence, a procedure for determining the negative emissions potential is also presented. Moreover, the developed approach can also serve as a guideline for decision makers in research, industry, and politics and might also serve as a basis for further investigations such as implementation strategies or quantification of the benefits of biohydrogen production from organic waste material in Germany.
Highlights
The findings in the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that the 1.5 ◦ C target is likely already being reached in the timeframe from 2021–2040, with each 1000 GtCO2 estimated to increase the global surface temperature from 0.27 ◦ C to 0.63 ◦ C and approximately 900 to 2300 GtCO2 remaining of the carbon budget to limit warming by 2 ◦ C
Biohydrogen production technologies are expected to be capable of producing large amounts of hydrogen from organic biomass in the near future
This work aims to provide a guideline for deriving the bioenergy potential of organic waste material and the connected ecological impacts of biohydrogen and hydrogen bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (HyBECCS) processes in Germany
Summary
Accepted: 10 November 2021The findings in the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that the 1.5 ◦ C target is likely already being reached in the timeframe from 2021–2040, with each 1000 GtCO2 estimated to increase the global surface temperature from 0.27 ◦ C to 0.63 ◦ C and approximately 900 to 2300 GtCO2 remaining of the carbon budget to limit warming by 2 ◦ C. A rapid and profound reduction in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion and, in addition, active removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through negative emission technologies (NETs) are inevitably required in the immediate future [1]. In this regard, hydrogen is globally considered to be a key energy carrier of the future to be used as a substitute for fossil energy sources. Hydrogen can be used for fuel or energy storage but is a key substance of ammonia production or for refineries In the future, it will be capable of decarbonizing decisive industries, such as steel or cement [2] In comparison, releases energy of between 35 and 45 kJ per g during combustion [3]
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